[Illustration: Portrait photograph of Lionel Vibert, seated, in suit. Photogravure by Annan & Swan. From a photograph by T. C. Laanah. Signature "Lionel Vibert" below image.]

Ars Quatuor Coronatorum

BEING THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE

QUATUOR CORONATI LODGE NO. 2076, LONDON.

[Illustration: Woodcut from the Isabella Missal — British Museum Add. MSS., 18,861, Circa 1500 A.D. — showing four robed figures.]

EDITED FOR THE COMMITTEE BY W. J. SONGHURST, P.G.D.

VOLUME XXXIV.

W. J. PARRETT, LTD., PRINTERS, MARGATE 1921

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

LODGE PROCEEDINGS.

	PAGE
Friday, 7th January, 1921	1
Friday, 4th March, 1921	14
Friday, 6th May, 1921	73
Friday, 24th June, 1921, St. John's Day in Harvest	128
Friday, 7th October, 1921	173
Tuesday, 8th November, 1921, Feast of the Four Crowned Martyrs	210

NOTES AND QUERIES.

	PAGE
The Church of the Four Crowned Martyrs at Canterbury	170
Society of Moonkification	170

OBITUARY.

	PAGE
Antons, Anton Marius Mathias Christian	70
Attwood, Jabez	70
Atwell, George Washington	70
Balfour, Captain Charles Barrington	171
Bastone, John Millard	70
Black, William	220
Brayshaw, John Lund	70
Burtchaell, George Dames	171
Butterworth, John	220
Carr, Buckley	220
Carroll, Walter J.	70
Chamberlain, Dr. Jehiel Weston	171
Cursetjee, Jehanglur Manodijee	70
Davies, William Arthur	70
Delmege, Dr. J. R.	70
Denny, Charles Hill	220
Devonshire, Robert Llewellyn	220
Down, Hubert Vincent	220
Fairley, Alfred	70
Godwin, Sir John Arthur	171
Gordon, Henry Donald	70
Green, Arthur James	70
Greiner, Gotthelf	13, 71
Hammond, William	171
Harris, James	220
Horsley, Rev. Canon John William	220
Hotchkin, William Lambert	71
Hudson, Alan Murray	171
Huxley, Henry	220
Innes, John Albert	71
Jacobson, Charles H.	71
Kellett, Arthur Chadwick	71
King, Andrew	220
Landesmann, Robert Ernest	171
Libby, Willard Alton	172
Lovell, William Cecil Lennox	71
Macdonald, John	172
McLeod, James Morrison	71
May, Walter	172
Millar, Ernest Bruce	172
Millichamp, George Henry	172

OBITUARY—Continued.

	PAGE
Moffatt, Alexander	172
Moilliet, Alexander Keir	172
Moore, Capt. Nithsdale Carlton Atkinson	172
Nairne, Sir Perceval Alleyn	220
Peters, William Herbert	71
Phillips, Ebenezer S.	71
Readwin, Herbert	71
Reddish, John Thomas	172
Robson, George	220
Royaards, J. G. M.	71
Sheffield, Col. Frank	220
Smith, W. H. M.	172
Tharp, William Anthony	71
Thompson, Edward James	72
Truelove, Arthur	172
Unwin, Arthur Harry	220
Varley, Benjamin	72
Wells, Charles Frederick	72
Wild, Lewis	220
Wilkinson, Francis James Robert	172
Winterflood, Joseph	172
Yorke, Rev. Harry Walter	72

PAPERS AND ESSAYS.

Inaugural Address. By Herbert Bradley, C.S.I. … 5

The Toast of the Worshipful Master. By J. E. S. Tuckett … 10

The Sheffield Masonic Benefit Society. By Dr. John Stokes … 14

Friendly Societies in London, in Bath, in Liverpool, in Manchester, in Leeds; Proposals made by Grand Lodge for the formation of a Central Society, 14; The Friendly Societies Act of 1793; Acts of 1819, 1829 and 1834 regulating their procedure; the appointment of professional actuaries, 15; The formation of the Sheffield Society in 1804 by members of Britannia and Royal Brunswick Lodges, 16; The Articles of Agreement, 17; References to the Society in Minute Books of Britannia Lodge; mention of an earlier Society, 21; The Register of Subscriptions, 22; An Annual and a Little Feast, 23; The Minute Book of the Society, 25; The Investment of Funds, 37; A Beadle appointed, 39; Arrears of Subscriptions and fraudulent claims, 47; Notes on William Rowley, Treasurer and Secretary, 51; The Treasurer's Cash Book, 52; The Winding up in 1834. Comments by Herbert Bradley, R. H. Baxter, 56; George Norman, W. J. Songhurst, 57. Reply by Dr. Stokes, 58.

The 'Colne' Manuscripts of the 'Old Charges.' By Eustace B. Beesley … 59

Description of the two Rolls, 59; Transcripts, 60.

An Irish Lodge Minute Book. 1782-1797. By J. Walter Hobbs … 74

The Lodge No. 569 of Lifford, Co. Donegal; Description of the Minute Book, and its former ownership, 74; A Volunteer Corps formed, and Uniform approved, 75; Subscriptions for Guns, 76; Exclusion of the Chaplain, 76; Clandestine Masons, 78; Money lent to Members, 83; and given in Charity, 87; Correspondence with Grand Lodge, 88; Trial of members, 93; Officers elected every six months, 99; Breaking the Warrant and Stealing the

PAPERS AND ESSAYS—Continued.

Bible, 110; Complaints about a Watch, 114; The By-Laws, 118; Circular from Grand Lodge, 1824, 122; List of Officers of Lifford Lodge, 1782-1822, 123.

An Irish Medallion. By W. J. Songhurst … 125

Official description of Medallion and circumstances of its discovery, 125; Reasons for doubting its antiquity, 126.

De Vignoles and his Lodge "L'Immortalité de l'Ordre." By W. Wonnacott … 132

The Lodge of Immortality No. 376 (Moderns) warranted 16. June 1766; The Lodge Medal; Its Founders and early Initiates, 132; High fees charged for Membership; John de Vignoles, Provincial Grand Master for Foreign Lodges, the first Master; His sinister career, 133; A suggested amalgamation of the Lodge with Lodge of Antiquity, 134; Appointment of new Master in 1769; The displeasure of de Vignoles, and his petition to Grand Lodge to close the Lodge, 134; Membership of the Chevalier d'Eon, 135; The Reply to the Petition, 140; Correspondence with Grand Secretary, 152; The Petition considered by a Committee of Grand Lodge, and dismissed, 158; De Vignoles and Foreign Lodges, 160; His dismissal, 161; Notes on other members of the Lodge, 162; The Certificate of Jean Baptiste Saur, 163; The Lodge erased in 1775. Comments by Count Goblet d'Alviella, 168; Reply by W. Wonnacott, 168.

A Madras precursor of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge (Lodge Social Friendship). By Herbert Bradley … 175

Several Lodges in Madras bore the name Social Friendship; No. VI. (Local) constituted in 1787 went into abeyance and received a new Warrant in 1801 as No. IV.; Its removal from The Mount to Madras; Its buildings destroyed by a storm in 1851, 175; The publication by the Lodge of the Madras Freemasons' Herald from 1847 to 1851; The profits devoted to the Independent Masonic Benefit Fund for Southern India, 176; The Contents of the Volumes; Local and Foreign Masonic intelligence, Poetry, Lectures, Sermons, 177; Masonic Remains at Pulicat, 179; Jacob Eilbracht, Provincial Grand Master of the Netherlands, 180; Criticism of Grand Lodge dilatoriness, 181; The case of Major General Cooke, 185; Dr. Crucifix and the Asylum for aged Masons, 186; List of Members of Lodge Social Friendship, 192; The Banner Song, 194. Comments by W. B. Hextall, 195.

An American Masonic Crisis. The Morgan incident of 1826 and its aftermath. By Jacob Hugo Tatsch … 196

The political situation in the U.S., 1818 to 1826, 196; The story of William Morgan, 198; The anti-Masonic excitement, 200; The formation of an anti-Masonic political party; Its effect in the State of New York, 201; Pennsylvania, 202; The Western States and New England, 205; The Morgan Monument, 209.

Inaugural Address. By Lionel Vibert … 212

The Toast of the Worshipful Master. By Herbert Bradley … 217

INDEX.

	PAGE		PAGE
Anti-Masonry in the U.S.	196	Half-yearly election of Officers	99
Ark Mason, Degree of	174	Heresy forbidden in the Old Charges	214
Audit Committee, Report of	2
		Innovations forbidden in the Old Charges	214
Benefit Societies, Masonic	14, 57	Irish Lodge Minutes	74
Bible stolen from Lodge	111
Blue, Knight of the	174	Jacob's Wrestle, Degree of	174
Brazen Serpent, Degree of	174	Jordan Pass, Degree of	174
Candidates recommended by non-members	78	Knight Templar degree conferred in Craft Lodge	32
Chapters (R.A.) referred to:—		Lecture given by Master	91
Kilwinning in the East	190
Pitt Macdonald	218	Lodges referred to:—
Rock	218	Anchor of Hope	218
School of Plato	11	Antiquity, London	134
Western Star, New York	199	Ardstraw	122
		Arran Arms, Bond Street	158
Death, Knight of	174	Ballynanagh	122
Degrees conferred twice on one Candidate	101	Batavia, New York	199
Degrees, Three conferred at one meeting	105	Belgaum	186
Disputes of non-Masonic nature settled in Lodge	86, 101	Britannia, Sheffield	15
Dutch Masonry in India	180	Caledonian, Manchester	15
		Castlefin	122
East, West and Sword, Knight of the	130, 174	Constitution	218
Elysian Fields, Knight of the	174	Cookstown	122
		De la Préserveante Amitie	174
Exhibits :—		Des Philodelphes	174
Apron	4, 174	Faith, Hope and Charity	187
" Antients	130	Friendship, Manchester	15
" Irish, R.A.	174	George and William, Madras	177
Bolt-Coleraine MS.	211	George, Piccadilly	158
Broad sheet, Irish	174	Gorteen	122
Certificate, Antients	130	Harmonic, Liverpool	15
" East, West and Sword	130, 174	Immortality of the Order	131, 132
" Lodge des Philadelphes	174	Industry, Durham	15
" Mark, Plymouth	211	Justitia	218
		Kellymalough	122
Collarettes	174	Kemla	218
Floor-cloths, Kendal	4	Kilwinning in the East	188
Funeral Bill, 1811	211	May	122
Gauntlets, Highbridge	211	Old King's Arms, London	164
Jewel, 'French Prisoners'	4	Oriental Star, Cannamore	187
" Irish R.A.	174	Palladian, Hereford	130, 174
" Plate	4	Pandyan	218
		Perfect Unanimity, Madras	11, 181, 218
Petition to Grand Lodge, 1769	130	Philanthropic, London	158
Play-Bill, Hereford, 1875	130, 174	Pilgrims of Light, Madras	176
Pocket Companion, 1736	129	Pulicat	179
Promissory Note	128	Rathcormack	122
Ritual of Pillared Priests	174	Rock	218
Sash	4, 129	Royal Alfred, Jersey	211
Snuff Box, Enamel	211	Royal Athelston, London	211
Spiritual and Most Precious Perle, 1550	130	Royal Brunswick, Sheffield	15, 218
Summons to Grand Lodge, England, 1726	130	Royal Cumberland, Bath	218
Table-napkin, Orange	128	Rural Philanthropic, Highbridge	211
Tobacco Jar	4	St. David's, Edinburgh	188
Warrant for Lodge in 31st Regt.	130	St. George	130
		St. George, Doncaster	34
Floor-cloths at Kendal	4	Social Friendship, Madras	175
Freemasons' Volunteer Corps	76	Southern Cross, Palmacottah	218
French Lodge in London	132	Somerset Masters	218
Friendly Societies, Masonic	14	Stewards	159
		Strabane	74, 122
		Thistle and Crown, Tower Hill	158

Lodges referred to:—

	PAGE
Trillick	125
Tuscan, London	10
Two Black Posts	164
Union, Kendal	4
Universal Charity, Madras	177
Voorzechtighied, Pulicat	179
Zetland in the East, Singapore	180

Madras Freemasons' Herald … 176

Malta, Knight of … 174

Masonic Benefit Societies … 14, 57

Medallion, Irish … 125

MS. Constitutions referred to:—

	PAGE
Aberdeen	215
Bolt Coleraine	211
Buchanan	216
Cama	216
Colne	59, 216
Dodd	216
Dumfries No. 1	214
Dumfries Kilwinning	213
Embleton	216
Grand Lodge No. 1	215
Grand Lodge No. 2	216
Harleian 1942	216
Harris	214
Hope	216
Lansdowne	216
Lechmere	216
Macnab	213
Melrose No. 2	215
Portland	216
Regins	186, 212
Roberts	216
Spencer	213
Stirling	215
Thistle	216
Thorp	216
Watson	213
Wood	215
York No. 1	217
York No. 6	214

Old Charges, see MS. Constitutions

Persons referred to:—

	PAGE
Abraham, Thomas	75
Adams, James	116
Adams, J. O.	197
Aertsen, Guilliams	161
Alexander, Andrew	89
Aldworth, Mrs.	185
Allen, R.	179
Allott, Aaron	27
Allyn, Avery	200
Alston, Rowland G.	187
Amory, John	32
Andrews, R.	211
Angel, R.	193
Antons, A. M. M. C.	70
Arnold, W. T.	192
Ashmole, Elias	187
Ashmore, Thomas	25
Atherton, William	25
Atkinson, E.	192
Attwell, George W.	70
Attwood, Jabez	70
Auld, Bro.	26
Anty, Richard E.	38
Bacon, Bro.	17
Bacon, Clay	27
Baird, Robert	22
Baker, Sergt.	78

Persons referred to:—

	PAGE
Balfour, Capt. C. B.	171
Ball, J.	192
Ball, W.	211
Banagee, John	75
Barnard, David	200
Barnes, Isaac	22, 33
Barthelemon, H. F.	136, 162
Bastone, John M.	13
Baxter, Rodk. H.	56
Beesley, Eustace B.	59
Bell, Seymour	129
Bennett, William	25
Bernard, J. L.	192
Bindon, G. H.	2
Blache, John F.	131, 136, 163
Black, William	220
Blackburn, Andrew	115
Blanchard, J.	200
Blodgett, Ben.	199
Bogan, Roger	106
Boissier, J. L.	166
Boyd, James	158, 164
Boyd, W.	177
Boyle, James	87
Bradlaugh, Charles	174
Bradley, Cornelius	75, 94
Bradley, Herbert	5, 10, 56, 73, 131, 174, 175, 211, 217
Bradley, Philip	89
Bradley, William	74
Braley, Corn.	94
Brammall, Joseph	25, 27
Brayshaw, John L.	70
Britain, G. S.	192
Brogan, Edward	83, 84
Brown, Charles	114
Brown, John	112
Browne, C. F.	192
Browne, C. William	192
Brownlee, James	116
Buddy, F.	192
Burnes, Mr.	171
Burns, James	117
Burtchaell, G. D.	171
Bush, Henry	193
Butterworth, John	220
Caldwell, Boyd	80
Caldwell, Richard	116
Calhoun, John C.	197
Calvert, A. F.	14
Cameron, John	116
Campbell, George	75
Campbell, Henry	116
Campbell, R. P.	192
Caney, Michael	116
Cardinaux, Francis L.	136
Carlan, Bryan	84
Carlan, John	75
Carland, John	77
Carland, Rebecca	87
Carland, Richard	116
Carney, Bryan	78
Carney, Roger	96
Carr, Buckley	220
Carr, John	22, 40
Carr, J. K.	105
Carter, M.	129
Carter, Theodore	161
Carter, William	116
Carroll, Walter J.	70
Casady, Darby	101
Cassidy, James	102
Castle, J.	26
Castle, John	26
Cawood, Job	24
Cazenove, F.	149

Persons referred to:—

	PAGE
Chamberlin, Dr. J. W.	171
Chamier, T. A.	192
Charlesworth, James	25, 26
Chism, Robert	113
Clark, Hugh	115
Clarke, Henry	92
Clarke, John	24, 33
Clarke, W.	33, 192
Clay, Henry	197
Clinton, De Witt	198
Cocheron, James	130, 174
Cole, Carsten H.	139
Comfort, Newton C.	2
Congrove, Hugh	116
Connoly, Edward	116
Cook, John	102
Cooke, Abraham	158
Cooke, Major General	183
Cooper, Mr.	78
Cottrell, Christopher	158
Coulter, James	113
Coultrop, P.	192
Courtney, John	99
Cowan, James	108
Craford, Christopher	107
Crangle, William	116
Cranstoun, J.	194
Crary, John	201
Crawford, W. H.	197
Crawley, Dr. Chetwode	135
Crean, Alexander	116
Crofts, Benjamin	24, 27
Crofts, Bro.	37
Cross, J. L.	208
Crucifix, Dr.	181
Curran, James	95
Carsetjee, J. M.	70
Curteis, C. J.	192
Dansay, R. D.	192
Day, John	198
Day, W.	76
Davies, Rev. W. A.	70
Davis, Bartholomew	91
Davis, Edward	99
Davitt, James	77
Dawnay, A. H.	192
D'Arachy, W.	192
D'Eon, Chevalier	132, 164
de Gages, Marquis	168
de Goede, Sara A.	180
de Lalande, ——	168
de la Riva, Count	168
de la Rocca, Duke	163
D'Oheimb, George	131
de Pochini, ——	163
de St. Pierre, J. L.	166
de Vignoles, John	131, 133, 163
de Willermin, C. A.	144
Defores, Dennis	94
Defores, Peach	199
Delafare, L.	166
Delmege, Dr. J. R.	70
Denmark, William	75
Denning, Monro	52
Denny, C. H.	220
Dermot, Dennis	98
Des Barres, Francis	132, 164
Desaguliers, Dr.	187
Devonshire, R. L.	220
Dillon, Charles	152
Divin, Neal	114
Divin, Hugh	116
Donely, James	91
Donely, Patrick	83
Donely, Thomas	108
Donelly, Bernard	99
Donnelly, Neal	104

	PAGE
Donnely, John	94
Doublestile, William	75
Dougherty, Henry	80
Dougherty, Robert	104
Douglass, James	105
Dovey, John	85
Dowd, Sarah	125
Down, H. V.	220
Doyle, Daniel	108
Doyle, John	116
Dring, E. H.	10, 130
Du Bois, Abraham	152
Du Roveray, I. P.	131
Dubois, ——	131
Duffy, Patrick	116
Dunbar, Henry	75
Dunckerley, Thomas	150
Dunn, George	116
Duplan, I. L.	166
Dupre, James	139
Duval, Louis	132
Duval, Peter	131, 134
Dyer, Russell	201
Eddrington, G.	192
Edmunson, John	85
Edwards, John	92
Edwards, Matthew	75
Egborough, William	36
Eilbracht, Jacob	179
Elgie, George Thomas	130
Ellis, Thomas	93
Elphinstone, Lord	181
Ethersey, W. T.	181, 192
Everard, Francis	163
Facon, Pierre	163
Fairley, Alfred	70
Faloon, Rev. Daniel	75
Ferguson, E. S.	198
Field, James	116
Finney, Milliard	202
Finney, Hamilton	80
Firth, John	34
Fisher, C.	193
Fitzsimon, C. H.	193
Flemming, Thomas	130
Fleming, Rev. W. Edwin	130
Floyd, John	197
Foothead, J.	193
Fordham, John	44, 49
Forrest, Theodosius	47
Forster, George	77
Foster, George	40
Foster, Thomas	29, 34
Foster, William	42
Fowler, John	74
Fox, G.	21
Fox, Godfrey	25, 45
Franklin, Robert	108
Freedom, C.	193
Fulter, James	116
Gallagher, Hugh	84
Gallagher, Patrick	75
Gallimore, John	24, 25
Gallimore, Josiah	25
Galway, Joseph	77
Gautz, F.	193
Garlick, James	38
Garrow, Alexander	24, 25
Gates, Alfred	128, 174
Gettings, Charles	80
Ghilini, M.	165
Gilbert, Thomas	107
Gilbert, W. N.	211
Gilchrist, John	116
Gill, Benjamin	100
Gilliard, F.	139

Persons referred to:—

	PAGE
McCaul, Frances	84
McCauly, Samuel	75
McClustock, John	77
McCoan, John	115
McColgan, Andrew	89
McColgan, Michael	114
McColgan, Neal	75
McCollin, Owen	101
McColly, Charles	109
McColvin, Owen	116
McCormick, James	100
McCrea, James	81
McCue, Moses	77
McDavitt, James	86
McDonald, James	81
Macdonald, J.	172
McEwain, Thomas	78
McFarlan, John	75
McGawan, Charles	104
McGidy, Francis	77
McGill, Edward	81
McGillen, William	109
McGillian, James	97
McGinty, Patrick	81
McGittens, Patrick	75
McGittigan, Patrick	75
McGra, Patrick	84
McGrath, Patrick	85
McGuigan, Arthur	87
McGuir, James	115
McGurgan, Phil	77
McHugh, Charles	108
McIlpatrick, Archibald	83
McIntyre, J. W.	193
McJuncan, John	88
McKenzie, Alexander	116
McLaughlan, Patrick	114
McLaughlin, Patrick	75
McLaughlin, Thomas	116
McLaughlin, William	103
McLeod, John	116
McLeod, J. M.	71
McMenamon, John	75
McMenamon, Manus	84
McMicken, Bernard	102
McNamara, Richard	100
McNamee, John	105
McPike, Hugh	104
McSorley, A.	193
McSwine, Neal	83
McSwiney, Miles	75
McTaggart, Bro.	189
Mahaffy, Rev. Mr.	75
March, ——	166
March, John	145
Marshall, John	26
Maskell, J.	193
Mathews, C. P.	2
Mathison, Alexander	116
May, W. L.	75
Maynard, W. H.	202
Mellun, John	75
Mercer, John	126
Merser, William	104
Metivier, P.	139
Millar, Alexander	98
Millar, E. B.	172
Millar, David C.	201
Millichamp, G. H.	172
Milton, J.	193
Moffatt, Alexander	172
Moilliet, A. K.	172
Moira, Earl of	14
Molony, A.	174
Mongans, Andrew	92
Monro, Sarah	201

	PAGE
Monro, Timothy	201
Montgomery, David	116
Montgomery, Richard	77
Moore, Capt. N. C. A.	172
Moore, T. C.	193
Moran, E. T.	189
Moreau, J. E.	196
Morgan, Lucinda	190
Morgan, William	196
Morris, Rob.	198
Morris, T.	193
Morris, W.	193
Mozeley, George	33
Mulholland, Bernard	109
Muller, C.	144
Murray, William	75
Murphy, Garret	107
Murphy, James	116
Nairne, Sir P. A.	220
Napier, Charles	13
Needham, G.	193
Negus, Abraham	44
Nelson, John J.	125
Newgent, John	93
Newland, Abraham	128
Newton, William	25, 27
Nickel, John	90
Nickson, John	109
Nolis, Lawrence	93
Norman, Dr. George	57
Norman, William	194
Norris, W.	194
Norton, Joseph	181
Nugent, Patrick	82, 116
O'Cain, James	95
O'Farrel, Dominick	100
O'Mullen, Denis	100
O'Mullen, James	100
O'Mullen, John	101
O'Neal, Daniel	84
O'Neill, Hugh	116
Oliver, Dr. George	182
Osborn, John	81
Osburn, Audley	187
Pache, L.	165
Pagan, Matthew	139
Papell, R.	192
Pass, Edward	45
Patrick, Alexander	75
Patterson, Thomas	75
Pearson, Robert	29
Pearson, Thomas	47
Pereira, Bro.	188
Perret, A.	166
Peters, H. W.	71
Petre, Lord	160
Pettigrew, G. A.	2
Phelps, J. W.	209
Phillips, Ebenezer S.	71
Pickford, R.	33
Plant, Rev. O. R.	4
Platt, John	139
Platt, William	194
Poole, Rev. George	2, 4
Potter, George	116
Powell, Cecil	211
Pratt, John Tidd	15, 47
Prentice, James	116
Purinton, William	91
Rainsford, W.	193
Ramsbottom, John	177
Ramsey, George	102
Rathbone, Israel	199
Raven, William	193
Rawson, Thomas	28

Persons referred to:—

	PAGE
Readwin, H.	71
Reddish, J. T.	172
Redfearne, Samuel	39
Reid, James	166
Rezin, S.	193
Richards, J. G.	2
Richardson, James	25
Richardson, J. S.	193
Riley, J. Ramsden	14
Ritner, Joseph	203
Robertson, William	4
Robinson, Bro.	21
Robinson, Samuel	22, 25
Robson, George	220
Rock, John	80
Roddy, John	109
Rodgers, Robert	33
Rodgers, Mr.	38
Romer, William	137
Rooke, Thomas	28
Rose, John	75
Ross, Bro.	26
Ross, J.	193
Rounds, C. S.	193
Rowley, William	16
Rowney, Garratt	116
Royaards, J. G. M.	71
Rush, James	103
Rushworth, Richard	29
Ruspini, Rev. W. O.	181
Rylands, W. H.	173, 210
Sanderson, William	37
Sansom, Bro.	37
Sansum, Thomas	158
Sarginson, W. M. G.	4
Saunders, Abraham	85
Sauer, J. B.	137, 163
Savil, P.	26
Saville, Peter	29
Saville, Thomas	50
Scanlin, Thomas	93
Scarf, John	92
Scarpeling, J.	166
Schlapffer, J. J.	166
Scholefield, John	34
Scot, Thomas	113
Seaver, William	200
Secard, L.	166
Secard, Louis	139
Secard, John	26
Seward, W. H.	202
Sharp, George	45
Sheerin, James	75
Sheerin, John	79
Sheffield, Col. Frank	220
Shine, William	116
Shreeve, J. W.	193
Shulteff, B.	166
Simpson, William	116
Sissons, W.	16
Sloan, W.	193
Smith, George	27
Smith, John	38
Smith, J. C.	194
Smith, W. H. M.	172
Smithson, Joseph	44
Snelgrove, G.	193
Sindall, James	39
Songhurst, W. J.	57, 125
Southwick, Solomon	201
Southwood, Henry	116
Spence, Robert	75
Spencer, John C.	202
St. Lawrence, George	92
Stanley, George	42
Stanley, John	38
Starkey, J. W.	2

	PAGE
Staub, Bro.	137
Stephenson, Job	30
Stephenson, John Griffin	29
Sterling, M.	193
Stevenson, John L.	187
Stevens, Thaddeus	203
Stevenson, Job	30
Stevenson, William	97
Stokes, Dr. John	13
Styring, W.	31
Sutherland, John	116
Sweeney, John	100
Swift, Mainwaring	25
Sylvester, John	30
Sylvester, Edward	25, 31
Sylvester, Edmund	37
Tatsch, J. H.	2, 196
Tate, Oliver	94
Tattershell, Mr.	38
Taylor, Bro.	178
Taylor, George	25
Taylor, R.	193
Teulon, G. K.	181
Tharp, W. A.	71
Thompson, Charles	22, 31
Thompson, E. J.	72
Thompson, Smith	201
Thomson, Kenneth	211
Thomson, William	83
Throop, Enos T.	202
Thistlethwaite, Thomas	24, 27
Tingle, Simeon	38
Tolan, William	83
Tooker, Thomas	24
Toy, Darby	91
Tracy, Albert	202
Tracy, John	104
Truelove, A.	172
Truelove, Charles	33
Tuckett, J. E. S.	10, 56, 131, 170
Turner, W. G.	193
Unwin, A. H.	220
Valtravers, Bro.	137
van Burenschmartin	201
Varley, Benjamin	72
Varney, John	193
Vaughan, Archdeacon	185
Veitch, H.	193
Vibert, Lionel	56, 131, 173, 174, 210, 212, 217
Vickers, George	22
Vulliamy, Justin	136
Walker, J. B.	209
Walker, John	116
Walker, William	84
Wallas, Thomas	115
Walton, J.	211
Ward, O.	193
Ward, W.	194
Wark, John	94
Waterhouse, Michael	25
Watson, Robert	165
Wattel, J. M.	165
Webb, T. B.	208
Weed, Thurlow	201
Wells, C. F.	72
Welsh, James	91
West, R.	166
Whannell, P. B.	194
White, R. G. C.	2
White, Thomas	103
Whiteley, Joseph	34
Wild, L.	220
Wilkins, W. F.	194
Wilkinson, F. J. R.	172
Wilkinson, James	26

Persons referred to:—

	PAGE
Wilkinson, John	24, 33
Wilks, E. T.	172
Willey, William	23, 24, 41
Williams, Ezekiel	202
Williams, Thomas	158
Williams, W. J.	194
Williamson, John	34
Williamson, T.	194
Wilson, M. C.	194
Wilson, Charles	50
Wilson, Hugh	95
Wilson, John	84
Wilson, Robert W.	125
Winterflood, J.	172
Wirt, William	172
Wixson, W.	211
Wolf, George	202
Wolf, John	89
Wonnacott, W.	14, 130, 174, 211
Woodford, Rev. A. F. A.	9
Woollen, James	16
Woolstenholme, F.	194
Wostenholm, Benjamin	45
Wright, A.	194
Wulbarry, ——	166
Wyatt, J. S.	194
Yeomans, John	152
Yorke, Rev. H. W.	72
Zetland, Earl of	181

---

Subject entries (continued):

	PAGE
Petition for Charity, 1769	131
Polichromicon, its influence on the Old Charges	213
Prologue, Masonic, in 1736	129
Promissory Note	128
Recommendation of Candidates by non-members	78
Red Cross, Knight of the	174
Regins MS. printed in Madras, 1850	186
Roman Eagle, Degree of	174
Royal Arch degree conferred in Craft Lodge	82
St. Paul, Knight of	174
St. Stephen, Knight of	174
Sheffield Benefit Society	14
Sitting summonses	92
Summons to Grand Lodge in 1726	130
Templar, Knight Rock	174
Throne of Lodge Rock, Trichinopoly	180
Trials in Lodge for non-Masonic offences	86, 101
Unlawful games referred to in the Old Charges	216
Volunteer Corps in Irish Lodge	75

---

ILLUSTRATIONS.

	PAGE
Colne MS. No. 1	68
" " No. 2	66
de Vignoles, Handwriting of	167
Eilbracht Tomb	181
Medallion, Irish	125
Petition against Lodge Immortality of the Order	136, 137
Portrait: Lionel Vibert	Frontispiece
Promissory Note of the Fleet Prison, 1808	128
Pulicat, Gateway of Masonic Lodge at	181
Sheffield Masonic Benefit Society: Notice of Inaugural Meeting	16
Titlepage of Articles of Agreement	17
Summons to Grand Lodge, 1726	129
Throne of Lodge Rock, Trichinopoly	180
Tracing Cloths of Union Lodge, Kendal	4

---

CONTRIBUTORS.

	PAGE
Baxter, Rodk. H.	56
Beesley, Eustace B.	59
Bradley, Herbert	5, 56, 73, 131, 175, 217
Goblet d'Alviella, Count	168
Gough, Charles	73
Heiron, Arthur	73
Hextall, W. B.	56, 170, 195
Hobbs, J. Walter	74
Norman, Dr. George	56
Songhurst, W. J.	56, 125
Stokes, Dr. John	14, 56
Tatsch, Jacob Hugo	196
Tuckett, J. E. S.	10, 56, 131, 170
Vibert, Lionel	56, 131, 175, 212
Williams, W. J.	56
Wonnacott, W.	132

Ars Quatuor Coronatorum,

BEING THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE

Quatuor Coronati Lodge of A.F. & A.M., London,

No. 2076.

---

VOLUME XXXIV.

---

FRIDAY, 7th JANUARY, 1921.

THE Lodge met at Freemasons' Hall, at 5 pm. Present:—Bros. Herbert Bradley, P.Dis.G.M., Madras, W.M.; Lionel Vibert, P.Dis.G.W., Madras, S.W.; R. H. Baxter, P.Pr.G.W., E. Lancs, J.W.; W. J. Songhurst, P.G.D., Secretary; G. P. G. Hills, P.G.W., Berks., P.M.; E. H Dring, P.G.D., P.M.; J. P. Simpson, P.A.G.R., P.M.; W. Wonnacott, P.A.G.Sup.W., P.M.; and J. H. McNaughton, Tyler.

Also the following members of the Correspondence Circle:—Bros. Geo. M. Doe, A. Presland, A. F. Ball, F. C. Bickell, Rev. H. Poole, G. C. Parkhurst Baxter, I. M. Shields, P.G.D., Arthur Heiron, G. A. Derrick, G. R. D. Rust, L. Hemens, H. A. Matheson, Geo. W. Bullamore, Frank E. Lemon, Jas. W. Wiseman, R. J. Houlton, G. A. Crocker, W. J. Williams, Chas. J. Laker (as I.G.), Sydney Meymott, W. F. Stauffer, Rev. H. G. Rosedale, P.G.Ch., Chas. S. Ayling, F. S. Henwood, H. G. Warren, S. W. Rodgers, J. F. H. Gillbard, F. W. le Tall and J. E. Suter.

Also the following Visitors:—Bros. Harold W. Horan, Albany Lodge No. 151; W. J. N. Vanstone, St. James' Union Lodge No. 180; I. G. Smyth, Bank of England Lodge No. 263; A. E. Travers, Wallasey Lodge No. 3036; Hy. Berwick, Alleyn Lodge No. 2647; E. W. R. Stapley, Edward Terry Lodge No. 2722; S. P. Buch, Arcadian Lodge No. 2696; C. G. Dadds, St. Mark's Lodge No. 857; and Cecil Thomas and John S. Wade, Panmure Lodge No. 715.

Letters of apology for non-attendance were reported from Bros. T. J. Westropp; F. H. Goldney, P.G.D., P.M.; Ed. Conder, P.M.; Sir Alfred Robbins, Pres.B.G.P.; F. J. W. Crowe, P.A.G.D.C., P.M.; J. P. Rylands, J. T. Thorp, P.G.D., P.M.; Ed. Armitage, P.G.D., P.M.; Count Goblet d'Alviella, P.G.M., Belgium; J. E. S. Tuckett, P.M.; G. L. Shackles, P.M.; and W. B. Hextall, P.G.D., P.M.

Thirty-six Brethren were admitted to the membership of the Correspondence Circle.

The Report of the Audit Committee, as follows, was received, adopted, and ordered to be entered on the Minutes:—

Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge.

PERMANENT AND AUDIT COMMITTEE.

The Committee met at the Offices, No. 27, Great Queen Street, London, on Friday, 7th January, 1921.

Present:—Bro. H. Bradley, W.M., in the Chair, with Bros. A. L. Vibert, Sir Alfred Robbins, R. H. Baxter, G. P. G. Hills, W. Wonnacott, J. P. Simpson and W. John Songhurst, Secretary.

The Secretary produced his Books, and the Treasurer's Accounts and Vouchers, which had been examined by the Auditor and certified as being correct.

The Committee agreed upon the following

REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1920.

BRETHREN,

It is with pleasure that we find ourselves able to present a somewhat more favourable Balance Sheet than has been possible during the past few years. Several important economies introduced some time ago are at last shewing good results. These economies have consisted mainly in an alteration of the form of printing the Transactions, and in the employment of a lighter paper; and the cost of publication, therefore, has not increased in proportion to higher charges; while on the other hand the amount of matter presented to our readers has not been reduced.

It was found that the balance of £734 18s. 5d. held in reserve last year more than sufficed to cover the cost of the balance of the 1918 Volume; and a close estimate of the cost of printing the concluding portion of Vol. xxxii. and St. John's Card for 1919, leads us to believe that the sum of £375, now reserved for that work, will be ample for the purpose. The balance against Profit and Loss account shews a reduction of £13 15s. 2d.

Early in the year the Permanent Committee arranged with the Rosicrucian Society of England to provide housing accommodation for its Library of over 1,200 books. This necessitated a re-arrangement of our Stock rooms, and considerable expenditure for alterations and repairs. Of the proportion of the sum chargeable to the Lodge a certain amount has been debited to the 1920 accounts, leaving the balance to be wiped out during the next four years.

On the 30th November, 1919, our Correspondence Circle shewed a total membership of 2,971, and 269 names were added during 1920—a record number since 1911. Against these, however, 247 have been removed from the list:—47 by death, 59 by resignation, and 141 for non-payment of dues. Thus the total number brought forward is 2,993.

Our Local Secretaries continue to perform their duties with care and enthusiasm, and thanks are due to them for their labours on our behalf. We much regret to lose the services of Bros. J. W. Starkey, of Valetta, Malta; Dr. Royal A. Gove, of Tacoma, Washington; and H. M. Knight, of Melbourne, Victoria, who have died during the year; and of Bros. L. C. Levoy, of Webster, South Dakota; G. H. Bindon, of Pretoria; and Newton C. Comfort, of Manila, whose resignations have been accepted. The following new appointments have been made:—West Lancashire, Bro. William Platt, of Southport; Westmorland and Cumberland, Bro. the Rev. Herbert Poole, of Sedbergh; Pretoria, Bro. C. P. Mathews; Jagersfontein, Bro. R. G. C. White; Kimberley, Bro. J. G. Richards; Toronto, Bro. N. W. J. Haydon; South Dakota, Bro. G. A. Pettigrew, of Sioux Falls, the Grand Secretary of the State Grand Lodge; and Washington, Bro. Jacob H. Tatsch, of Spokane, who also extends his activities into the neighbouring States of Idaho, Montana, and Oregon.

No change has taken place during the year in the membership of the Lodge.

For the Committee,

HERBERT BRADLEY,

in the Chair.

Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge.

BALANCE SHEET, 30th NOVEMBER, 1920.

Liabilities.

	£	s.	d.
To Life Members' Fund (284 Members)	1853	6	6
" Subscriptions, etc., received in advance	179	1	11
" Correspondence Circle, 1919 Balance in hand	375	0	0
" do. 1920	1160	10	11
" Sundry Creditors	37	11	5
" Profit and Loss Suspense Account, being outstanding Subscriptions as per contra, subject to realization	370	11	11
" Lodge Account— £ s. d. Balance 30th Nov., 1919: 77 7 7; Receipts: 32 17 6
110 5 1; Less Payments 39 8 2	70	16	11
£4046	19	7

Assets.

	£	s.	d.
By Cash at Bank	159	19	10
" Investment, £1,300 Consols at 45 per cent.	585	0	0
" Sundry Debtors for Publications	25	8	11
" Sundry Publications	398	12	1
" Sundry Debtors for Subscriptions in arrear— 1920 Correspondence Circle: 256 14 6; 1919 ditto: 81 13 11; 1918 ditto: 26 6 0; 1917 ditto: 3 4 6; Back years: 2 13 0	370	11	11
" Repairs— Balance 30th Nov., 1919: 40 0 0; Net Additions during 1920: 120 15 6
160 15 6; Less Amount written off: 60 15 6	100	0	0
" Profit and Loss Account	2407	6	10
£4046	19	7

PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT for the year ending 30th November, 1920.

Dr.

	£	s.	d.
To Salaries	500	0	0
" Rent, Rates and Taxes	151	10	5
" Lighting and Firing	28	1	9
" Stationery	137	4	6
" Postage	228	7	6
" Office Cleaning	36	5	5
" Renewals and Repairs	60	15	6
" Insurance	13	19	4
" Telephone, etc.	9	18	4
" Carriage and Sundries	16	17	2
" Local Secretaries' Expenses	3	11	0
" Library Account	36	10	4
" Furniture	5	0	0
" Depreciation on Investments	78	0	0
" Balance carried forward	13	15	2
£1319	16	5
To Balance from last Account	2421	2	0
£2421	2	0

Cr.

	£	s.	d.	£	s.	d.
By Correspondence Circle Joining Fees, 1920	131	5	0
" 1919 Subscriptions	447	14	4
" 1918 ditto	365	4	10
" 1917 ditto	22	12	0
" Back ditto	19	8	6	986	4	8
" Back Transactions				68	13	6
" Lodge Publications				27	2	7
" Various Publications				165	14	2
" Interest on Consols	22	15	0
" Discounts	24	2	6	46	17	6
" Life Memberships Lapsed				25	4	0
£1319	16	5
By Balance brought down				13	15	2
" " carried forward				2407	6	10
£2421	2	0

This Balance Sheet does not include the value of the Library, Museum, Furniture, or the Stock of Publications, and is subject to the realization of Assets.

I have examined the above Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account with the Books and Vouchers of the Lodge, and certify the same to be correct and in accordance therewith.

ROBERT H. McLEOD, F.C.A., Chartered Accountant, 3, Great James Street, Bedford Row, W.C.1.

21st, December, 1920.

Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge.

THE SECRETARY called attention to the following

EXHIBITS.

By Bro. Rev. Herbert Poole, Sedbergh.

TOBACCO JAR: Oval; made of cast lead. Around the sides are representations of Square and Compasses on an open book, Sun, Moon, and a number of working tools, &c.

FLOOR-CLOTHS for the three degrees; recently discovered amongst the properties of the Union Lodge No. 129, Kendal. It is not known when they first came into the possession of the Lodge, but it is improbable that they can be those mentioned in the accounts for 19th June, 1772, when a certain Will^m. Robertson "Rec^d. of Mr. Jackson the sum of One pound Twelve shillings for a set of Floorings." These 'floorings' seem to have gone out of use in 1822, and a payment of £6.8.4 is then recorded for "Three Floor Cloths for Masonick Lodge with packing Case &c." These later cloths, which are stretched on Frames, appear to be based upon the Cole type of 1801. The set now exhibited had at some time been mounted on rollers, which have been removed, as it is intended to place them under glass for better preservation. Note should be taken of the working tools for the different degrees, and of certain peculiarities which may indicate a Continental influence.

By Bro. Rev. O. R. Plant, Bridlington.

APRON: Silk; about 18in. wide by 21in. deep; Flap 6in. deep; all edged with black silk ribbon. On the flap is a skull on a shield, with Cross-bones below, the whole being enclosed in a circle bearing the legend In hoc signo vinces. On the body of the Apron is shewn a broken and ruined arch supported on two stone piers. Within is a pedestal or altar supporting a Circle which encloses a pentangle having a G in the centre. Outside the piers are a Latin Cross and a Maltese Cross. The whole of the design is printed from an engraved plate.

SASH: Black silk, having two circular designs, one enclosing a skull and cross-bones, and the other a pentangle (irradiated) with T.H. in the centre. The long loose end of the Sash has across it seven strips of gold lace with fringe.

JEWEL: Silver; of the pattern figured in A.Q.C. xxvi. (1913), 5, and referred to in vol. xxix. (1916), 274. In this specimen the central portion of the irradiation has not been cut away, and the head of the Compasses is higher up the plate, giving room for the letter G. (recessed in the Level) between it and the bob. The square plate at the left side has engraved upon it 1. Euclid 47, instead of the triangle, square and circle shewn in the other specimens. The jewel is supported by means of a silver bee from what is probably the original hanger formed of silver lace with silk ribbon at the ends for tying round the neck. Nothing is known of the history of the jewel, but it is not suggested that it was in any way connected with the Apron and Sash just described.

By Bro. W. M. G. Sarginson, West Hartlepool.

JEWEL: French Prisoners' work; on blue glass, oblong, about 2in. by 2½in., in circular marble frame.

A hearty vote of thanks was unanimously passed to the Brethren who kindly lent these objects for exhibition.

The W.M. delivered the following Installation Address:—

INAUGURAL ADDRESS.

BY BRO. HERBERT BRADLEY, P.Dis.G.M., Madras, W.M.

BEFORE embarking upon what should have been my inaugural address it is incumbent upon me to express my thankfulness to the G.A.O.T.U. for having preserved me in my recent illness and restored me to a very fair measure of health. I also have to thank you again, my brethren, for electing me to the Chair of this celebrated Lodge, and to apologise to you for having to postpone this address.

My mastership has come to me unexpectedly soon after my election to the full membership, and I again have to ask you for your indulgence on this account. It was not until four days before the meeting of the 1st October that I heard of the intention of the late Senior Warden not to take the Chair, and I am credibly informed that one of our most respected members on hearing my name announced at Bro. Songhurst's office remarked, "Here comes the victim." You will observe that I then had rather less than six weeks to prepare my address. I must admit that I had for some time been considering the possibility of an address in 1921, and I had ideas as to its subject. I saw at once that I could not work it up in the time left to me, and my illness followed immediately after my election. My next impulse was to have recourse to old Madras Masonic history. But a few days' consideration showed me that my subject was more suited to an ordinary paper, and I am compelled to give you a much less elaborate address than I had hoped to.

My membership of this Lodge has been short, but I was for many years a member of the Correspondence Circle, and I can count forty-two years in the Craft, which may possibly atone in some measure for the shortness of my apprenticeship in the Lodge itself.

During the last year six papers have been read in the Lodge: Bro. Dr. Rosedale's on "Some fresh material for classifying the Old Charges," Bro. Gordon Hills on "Women and Freemasonry," Bro. Tuckett's on "L'Ordre de la Félicité," Bro. Baxter's on "The Architecture of King Solomon's Temple," Bro. Vibert's on "The Compagnonnage," and Bro. Count Goblet d'Alviella's "Fifty years of Masonic Life in Belgium." Far be it from me to attempt to compare these valuable papers. But it is noticeable that only one of them came from a member of the Correspondence Circle.

Brethren, this is not as it should be. Without recruits from the Correspondence Circle this Lodge cannot go on, and unless brethren of the Correspondence Circle send in papers we cannot find recruits. To the members of the Correspondence Circle I repeat what has been said by many of my predecessors, "Do not imagine that the field of Masonic research is played out, for it is not." There are many sources of information which are practically untouched, and the Inaugural Addresses of many of my predecessors in the Chair contain references to this subject, and valuable hints as to storehouses of facts which have not been opened up.

There is one direction in which very interesting and valuable information might be gathered, and which appears to me altogether untouched, and that is the subject of Masonic Statistics. In the objects of the Lodge as described in the book of By-laws, &c., No. 5 is "To tabulate concisely in the printed Transactions of the Lodge, the progress of the Craft throughout the world," and if for every province and district some brother with a taste for statistics would take up such a tabulation I believe that very valuable information would

be obtained as to the causes of the constant changes that have gone on in the past in the position of Freemasonry in different parts of the world. In his Inaugural Address in 1913 Bro. Edward Armitage did something of this sort for the Correspondence Circle of this Lodge, and very interesting his figures were. A consideration of the effect of the Great War, the South African War, and perhaps the Crimean War upon Masonry might be most instructive. The subjects of Masonic China, Masonic Glass, and Masonic Furniture seem to open up considerable fields for study. A critical examination of the statistics of the three great Charities might be most interesting. Some of the Grand Lodge rulings of early date could now be discussed without impropriety. Bro. Vibert, in his recent paper on the Compagnonnage, has shown how a subject which has already been treated by such giants of Masonic research as Bros. Gould and Rylands can be amplified and brought up to date.

But there is one more subject to which I should like to refer in which there is a splendid opportunity for a Masonic historian. That is to chronicle the special war activities of the Craft under the Grand Lodge of England. Two years have elapsed since the Armistice and it has not yet been done, and it is a work which ought to be done without further delay before the facts have grown stale and been forgotten. It would be a very welcome addition to the pages of our Transactions, and if it were complete and authoritative it would be valuable for all time. Many of us are aware of detached pieces of the work done by the Craft in connection with the War. What we want is to have the whole story put together in a readable form, and the sooner this is done the better. The brethren of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force formed an Association in France in June, 1916, which appears to have been of the greatest assistance to New Zealand Freemasons up to and even after the end of the War. A record was kept of its doings, and I fancy a complete account of its work might be easily obtained. I have a short abstract of its work up to January, 1918, when it had a membership of over 900. So far as New Zealand is concerned the Masonic side of the Expeditionary Force is not likely to be lost in oblivion. I fear that we may not be able to say this of the history of English Masonry at the War.

There have been no changes during the past year in the membership of the Lodge. There have been no deaths, no resignations, and no new members. There are only thirty members, the maximum membership being forty. I have made an analysis of the brethren who have been and now are members of the Lodge which was consecrated just thirty-five years ago. It had nine Founders, and including the Founders there have been only sixty-six members. Only four members have resigned, and one of those rejoined. There have never been more than thirty-five members. Of the thirty-five brethren who have reached the Chair, no less than twenty-one are alive. Of the thirty-one who have not held the office of Master, only nine are living. In the Correspondence Circle there has during the year been an increase of twenty-two. The attendance at the meetings of the Lodge of the members of the Correspondence Circle has been numerically satisfactory, although a very small proportion of those who live within easy reach of the Lodge attend with any regularity. The attendance of members of the Lodge to the casual inquirer might seem to be most unsatisfactory. From the figures in detail it would appear that the Lodge is moribund. We know that this is not the case, and no one knows better than our Secretary how very alive to the work of the Lodge are nearly all of the members who are unable to attend its meetings. Advanced age, illness, the difficulties of travelling and of obtaining accommodation in London, and other causes due to the exigencies of modern times combine to keep away many of our senior and most valued brethren. But they are in constant communication with us, and many of them send our Secretary most valuable contributions to our discussions. A large proportion of our members live many miles from London, and quite a large proportion of those who attend regularly can only do so by making considerable journeys. The average age of the members of this Lodge is necessarily very great, but, notwithstanding all these drawbacks, I have not the slightest doubt that the average attendance of members of the Lodge is much higher in proportion to their

numbers than that of members of the Correspondence Circle living within twenty miles of London.

I have taken the opportunity to gather together a statement showing for each year the number of members of the Correspondence Circle since 1897:—

Year	Members
1897	2439
1898	2677
1899	2839
1900	2850
1901	2900 (nearly)
1902	2851
1903	2823
1904	2850
1905	2946
1906	3116
1907	3308
1908	3310
1909	3373
1910	3366
1911	3323
1912	3327
1913	3279
1914	3287
1915	3186
1916	3108
1917	2973
1918	2978
1919	2971
1920	2993

It will be observed that our members fell off slightly during the South African War, but soon afterwards increased rapidly. In the Great War they declined quickly, and in 1919 were lower than they had been since 1905. We have now got rid of the War list, that is to say, the enemy aliens and those who have not been heard from since the War began, and we can look forward to a more rapid increase in numbers. Our financial position, as you have already heard, is encouraging, and I may tell you that we expect to enrol the 10,000th member of the Correspondence Circle during the year. For a considerable number of years the progress of this Lodge has not been a bad barometer of the progress of the Craft.

Resignations from membership of the Lodge have been very rare in its history, and we trust that this may continue. It is only natural that members should not feel disposed to sever their connection with it. They are like Provincial Grand Masters in the sense used by one of those authorities who was discussing with me the differences between Provincial and District Grand Masters. Practically the only one he could find for the moment was that which he expressed in the following words:—"You retire and get past rank; we die in our tracks." As long as the Lodge is short of the number of members fixed by the by-laws there can be no inducement for our older brethren to resign. But suppose its numbers were full and one or more of our older brethren proposed to resign in order to make room for fresh blood, the Lodge would find it difficult to decide between the old members and the new aspirants. This might some day become a practical question, and should it ever become one I should like to see an arrangment in force by which the younger aspirant might be put on a probationary list of members pending the occurrence of a vacancy, or the older one's services retained by making him a supernumerary member.

The creation of a class of probationary members might be of great advantage to the Lodge in bringing members of the Correspondence Circle into the Lodge. There must be many who can communicate useful matter to us, but

either from modesty or some other cause they do not come forward with papers or information, and without some effort on their part we cannot become acquainted with their merits. A certain number of probationary members might be elected, it being understood that members would ordinarily be chosen from that list. Such probationary membership should last for some limited time, say three or five years, and at the end of that time, unless he had been previously elected to full membership, the name of the probationary member should automatically disappear from the list. We can always assure the members of the Correspondence Circle who send us papers of a sympathetic consideration of their work, and we must remind them that they cannot become members of the Lodge until they have contributed something to the Transactions. They might at least give us a chance of electing them to the Lodge.

Many people in this world are content to go on in the ruck, and not to try for things which they would be glad enough to obtain. The question, 'Is it good enough?' which they ask themselves, should always be answered in the affirmative, but instead of doing this they are mostly content to leave it unanswered and to go on doing nothing. This, I believe, accounts for the besetting sin of the average Past Master, which is to drop out of Freemasonry as soon as he has passed the office of immediate Past Master. We must all know many examples of this, and I believe it is due in almost all cases to inability to answer the question, 'Is it good enough?' This is especially the case with brethren from India and the Colonies, many of whom never set foot in a Masonic Lodge after their return to their native country. Some of these, no doubt, answer the question in the negative, but nearly all are simply apathetic. I have seen it frequently among brethren of my own district, who have in many cases never entered a Lodge since they retired. They ask the usual question, and say, 'What is the good of beginning again at the bottom and taking it up in England where you know nobody?' I say that it is good enough, and that it is the way to get to know people, and the fact that the W.M. and S.W. of this important Lodge are Masons whose career has been mostly in India seems to me proof positive that it is good enough. I may also add that Bro. Vibert, who has but recently retired from India, has already taken a leading place in the Province in which he is residing and that I have served as W.M. of one Lodge and refused the Chair of another under Article 134 of the Constitutions since I retired. But I am glad to be able to say that recently other Indian brethren have been finding it good enough, and that the market for retired past masters of Indian Lodges is improving.

The outstanding event of Bro. Tuckett's year of office was the renewal of the Summer Outing. The arrangements, in the hands of that past master of organisation Bro. Songhurst, were as nearly perfect as possible, and the reception which the Bristol Brethren gave us was most cordial. We cannot pretend to have seen Bristol during our stay—it would take weeks to do that—but we saw as much as it was possible to cram into our short visit, not only of Bristol, but also of some of the most interesting places in the neighbourhood, and we had the opportunity of seeing some excellent work. There was also a Masonic Concert in the Lodge in which the Worshipful Master was concerned as the composer of a song, and Bro. Cecil Powell also took part. Our own contribution to the festivities rested upon the capable shoulders of Bro. Dring. I cannot but think that some of the members of the Correspondence Circle, if not the Lodge, who were with us might have been able to contribute to our entertainment, if their native modesty had not restrained them. I hope that the next outing will tell a different tale in this direction, and must beg such Brethren as can assist to send in their names to Bro. Songhurst in good time.

One of the most remarkable attacks upon Freemasonry that has ever been published in the English Press appeared in the pages of a certain newspaper during the year. It fell absolutely flat as far as English Freemasonry is concerned, and I do not think it had much effect upon foreign Freemasonry. A most savage attack, it may possibly not have been meant for English Freemasonry, but no distinction was made, and I can only think that it did much more harm to the

paper which published it than it did to the Craft. So far as I have been able to gather, it was equally ineffective in Scotland and Ireland.

Before my year of office is over I hope to give you the paper to which I have already referred above on my old District. Not only can Madras claim the first Indian Freemason, initiated in 1776 by the Dep.D.G.M. Terence Gahagan, but she anticipated the union of the Grand Lodges by about twenty-five years, and at the end of the first half of the nineteenth century one of the Madras Lodges published a Masonic Magazine containing besides general Masonic information, much of it lifted bodily from English and American publications, a certain amount of material in the form of lectures and articles by members of the Lodge and others written for it and read or delivered in it. It could not, of course, compare with this Lodge, but I think it might with justice be called a precursor of this Lodge.

And now, Brethren, in conclusion, I propose to read some extracts from the Oration made by our Brother the Rev. A. F. A. Woodford, one of our Founders, who took the office of Grand Chaplain at the Consecration of the Lodge, regarding whom Bro. Gould stated from the Chair on the 2nd March, 1888 (vol. i., Transactions, p. 134), that he was really responsible for the original conception of the Lodge:—

In this our new Lodge it is proposed from time to time to have papers read on subjects far off or near, recondite or commonplace, to invite discussion on the successive subjects brought before us by "expert workmen" and to issue Transactions. We trust that by this means we may help forward the important cause of Masonic study and investigation, may induce a more scholarly and critical consideration of our evidences, a greater relish for historical facts, and subserve at the same time the increasing and healthy movement for the extension of libraries and museums in all Lodges. . . .

Whether these ideas and aims of ours are destined to be successful time alone can show. . . .

Happily never at any time was English Freemasonry in a more sound and prosperous condition and less needing the voice of apology or the utterance of defence. Its professions are professions of sincerity, its labours are emphatically labours of love. . . .

Masonic Lodges like an electric chain of light seem to be encompassing mankind, bringing intellect and culture, peace and civilization, friendship and fraternity to the distant and the near. Let us trust that they may still advance in numbers and increase in power, and be more and more evident in vitality and activity as they avow and reflect everywhere the pure true principles of Freemasonry, as they unfold gallantly its fair broad banner of Loyalty, Religion, Toleration and Charity to the four winds of heaven. May Freemasonry still go on its ways and mission in peaceful and happy progress, cementing the union and permeating the affections of our entire Brotherhood, while at the same time it subserves in no slight degree the happiness of nations, the welfare, the healing, and the conciliation of our vast and suffering humanity. Let us unite in the old aspiration of the Craft that under the blessing of the G.A. of T.U. "So mote it be."

It is sad to think that our Brother did not live long enough to see the real extent of the success of the Lodge. What would have been his feelings if he had been able to know what the position of the Craft in general and the Lodge in particular would become at the end of 1920?

Brethren, I greet you well.

Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge.

After the subsequent banquet, Bro. E. H. Dring proposed "The toast of the Worshipful Master," as prepared by Bro. J. E. S. Tuckett, I.P.M.:—

THE TOAST OF THE W.M.

BY time-honoured custom, two very pleasing duties are assigned to an out-going Master of this Lodge. One of these is the Installation of his successor and the other is the proposal of The Toast of the Evening at the Proceedings which follow upon the Closing of the Lodge. Happily, the first was duly performed on November 22nd last, and R.W.Bro. Herbert Bradley reigns thirty-sixth Master of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, and we greet him as loyal and willing subjects, and wish him well, looking forward with hope and confidence that under his guidance and rule the year upon which we have now entered will be one of prosperity and progress. Brethren, allow me, to the best of my ability, to place before you some few details of the distinguished career of the skilled craftsman upon whom the choice of the Lodge has fallen.

The R.W.Bro. Herbert Bradley was born in 1856, and was educated at Winchester, of which great Foundation he was a scholar. In 1876 he passed into the Indian Civil Service—a distinction which affords convincing proof of his devotion to the pursuit of the Liberal Arts and Sciences while a pupil in the famous School of our illustrious 'Past Grand Master,' William of Wykeham. But all work and no play is proverbially a poor preparation for the Battle of Life, and Bro. Bradley wisely sought and won the laurels of the Football Field, as well as those of the Examination Hall, and during the four years which elapsed between his leaving 'the pleasant City of Winton' and his departure for India he proved a valued member of the famous Blackheath XV. In 1878 he was called to the Bar—Middle Temple—and then proceeded to take up his new duties as a servant of, and banefactor to, our great Dependency.

The next six years were spent in up-country Stations, employed as Assistant Collector and Magistrate and in gaining experience generally. He was then posted to act as Deputy Commissioner of Salt, Northern Division, and from that office in 1885 transferred to special duty under the Commissioner of Salt and Abkari, and, to all intents and purposes, he was that officer's Secretary until 1892, the appointment giving him the style and title of Secretary to the Board of Revenue in the Departments of Salt, Abkari, and Separate Revenue. Further arduous service up-country as Collector and District Magistrate, chiefly in the Malabar and Coimbatore Districts, carried him along until September, 1897, when there came a well-earned and over-due 'long-leave,' which lasted until January, 1899. On his return to duty Bro. Bradley was made Collector of Madras and Chairman of the Harbour Trust Board, Chief Customs Officer for the Presidency, and quite a large number of other appointments, all with portentous titles—in fact, our Brother seems at this time to have been a perfect Magisterial and Financial Pooh-Bah sent to the inhabitants for the amelioration of their habits, and, perhaps more particularly, of their customs. It is a noteworthy fact that the duties Bro. Bradley then performed single-handed are now considered sufficient to occupy the whole time of three officials. In 1900 he became a member of the Board of Revenue, and on 1st January, 1906, as a recognition of his merit, he received the coveted distinction of C.S.I. In this same year, 1906, he was appointed Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, and at the time of his retirement from the Service, which took place in 1909, he was an officiating member of the Executive Council.

Since his return to his native land Bro. Bradley has resided at or near Bournemouth, and amongst the many activities of a still busy life, not the least in importance is that of Justice of the Peace for the County of Dorset.

Turning now to Masonic matters, our W.M. was Initiated, Passed and Raised in the distinguished Red Apron Tuscan Lodge No. 14 in the early months of 1878. During the first six or seven years of his Indian experience he found that his Cable Tow would not reach to the nearest Masonic Lodge, which was some

140 or more miles distant, and with no connecting railway in between; but on his removal to Madras he at once joined the Lodge of Perfect Unanimity No. 150, of which distinguished and venerable Lodge he is still a member. He was J.D. 1886, S.D. 1887, Sec. 1888, S.W. 1889, W.M. 1890, Dist.G.S.B. 1892, Dist.G.Reg. 1895, President of the Board of General Purposes 1900, Dist.S.G.W. (Past Rank) 1897, Deputy Dist. Grand Master 1902 until 1906, when he was Installed District Grand Master, which important office he relinquished only on his retirement.

Bro. Bradley was exalted to the Royal Arch in August, 1887, in the School of Plato Chapter, and became its M.E.Z. in 1900, and is still a subscribing Companion. In 1900 he was Dist. Grand J., two years later Dist. Grand H., and from 1903 until 1909 ruled as Grand Superintendent of the District.

In Mark Masonry he was Advanced on 17th January, 1887, in Lodge Macdonald Ritchie No. 160, and was Dist.G.A.D.C., in 1890. Elected to the Chair of his Lodge in 1892, service movements delayed his Installation therein until 1900. He was Dist.G.S.W. in 1900 and Dist. Deputy G.M. from 1903 to 1908. He took the R. Ark Mariner Degree on 14th November, 1889, and has duly served as W.C.N.

In the Order of the Temple, Bro. Bradley was Installed K.T., and also K.M. in 1887, and in 1895 was Eminent Preceptor of the St. John of Jerusalem and Malta Preceptory and Pitt Macdonald Priory No. 76, now known as the Coromandel Preceptory and Priory. He was appointed Provincial Prior in 1903, and held office until the Provincial Priory was abolished. In 1908 he received the distinguished honour of K.C.T.

The Ancient and Accepted Rite received our Brother in a Rose Croix Chapter in October, 1887, and he was Installed M.W.S. in 1892. As reference has been made to our W.M.'s Cable Tow, it is due to him to record that his Rose Croix duties were performed with a C.T. of 414 miles, of course, with the assistance of a convenient railway. The 30° was conferred upon him in October, 1890, the 31° in October, 1895, the 32° in October, 1902, and the 33° in November, 1913.

He took the Secret Monitor on the 9th January, 1890, and in 1903 was Grand Director of Ceremonies in that Order.

Bro. Bradley is a Founder of two Craft Lodges, one R.A. Chapter, one Preceptory of K.T., and two Chapters Rose Croix. He is at the present moment a subscribing member of five Craft Lodges, one Mark Lodge, one R. Ark Mariner Lodge, two R.A. Chapters, two K.T. Preceptories, and four Chapters Rose Croix. He is an honorary member of bodies innumerable.

Each of the great Masonic Charities claims him as a Vice-Patron, but Bro. Bradley's service in the sacred cause of charity has not been limited to a willingness to loosen the purse-strings. No less than seventeen Stewardships stand to his credit, and he is entitled to wear the Madras Charity Jewel.

With the exception of a Rose Croix Chapter, Bro. Bradley has served as Secretary to every kind of Masonic body he has ever joined. He has been formally appointed to, and has duly performed, the duties of every office in a Craft Lodge with one exception only, that of Treasurer. His first venture in the C. of K.S. was in 1890 in No. 150, his second was in 1911 in No. 3444. 'Never two but three' is an old saying, and we may warmly congratulate ourselves that his third experience as a 'Ruler in the Craft' is in the Quatuor Coronati Lodge No. 2076.

Bro. Bradley joined our Correspondence Circle in October, 1893, and on 5th January, 1917, was admitted to full membership of the Lodge. Volume xxi., 1908, of our Transactions contains his valuable paper on An Old Minute Book of the Lodge of Perfect Unanimity now No. 150, Madras. On 17th April, 1913, he read his History of Freemasonry in the District of Madras to the Lodge Star of India. In volume xxvi. of A.Q.C. will be found our Master's Bro. Mozart and some of his Masonic Friends, a paper of exceptional interest, which attracted considerable attention and led to an animated discussion. This paper may be said to have struck a new note in our proceedings; in fact, with the assistance of Bro. Orton Bradley and other talented Brethren, many notes—and very melodious ones—were struck, to the enjoyment of those who were fortunate enough

to be present on that occasion. Bro. Bradley has enriched our Transactions by numerous shorter notes and articles, and his contributions to our discussions in Lodge are always a source of pleasure as well as profit to those who hear or read them.

Brethren, you have heard this inadequate account of our Master's record, and at least you now know the long tale of Masonic Distinctions which have come to him as the just reward of his merit. To that list has now been added the Mastership of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, and I do not hesitate to say that none of the previous honours will be by him more highly prized than this, his latest one.

We all know that our Master has recently passed through a grave illness, but we rejoice to know also that the shadows of sickness and the surgeon's knife lie behind, and that in front there is the sunshine of renewed health and strength. Let us, then, my Brethren, greet our W.M. with congratulations, as well as hearty good wishes for many, many years of peace and prosperity, and assure him of our intention to make his year of office in our Lodge one of the happiest of them all.

Brethren, I give you the Toast of the W.M.

[Illustration: Decorative vignette — ornate rococo cartouche with pastoral scene.]

FRIDAY, 4th MARCH, 1921.

THE Lodge met at Freemasons' Hall, at 5 p.m. Present:—Bros. J. E. S. Tuckett, P.Pr.G.R., Wilts., P.M., as W.M.; Lionel Vibert, P.Dis.G.W., Madras, S.W.; W. B. Hextall, P.G.D., P.M., as J.W.; W. J. Songhurst, P.G.D., Secretary; Gordon P. G. Hills, P.Pr.G.W., Berks., P.M.; and Cecil Powell, P.G.D., P.M.

Also the following members of the Correspondence Circle:—Bros. Arthur Heiron, Henry Huxley, L. Johnston, W. O. Steinthal, P.G.D., C. C. Adams, W. H. Wood, Arthur W. Chapman, A. Presland, Wm. A. Dodd, W. J. Williams, Dr. John Stokes, J. Procter Watson, Henry Harvey, Leslie Hemens, S. P. Birch, Walter Dewes, G. C. Parkhurst Baxter, G. W. Bullamore, H. Hyde, F. Armitage, Percy H. Horley, Edward M. Phillips, Fredk. C. Bickell, G. A. Crocker, L. G. Wearing, W. Thos. Barber, Major A. Sutherland, E. A. Hudson, Abdul Rahman, John Ames Thos. L. Found, J. E. Holden, J. Walter Hobbs, I. M. Shields, P.G.D., Alfred J. Collier, E. B. H. Chappell, G. Derick, Henry A. Matheson, G. H. Fennell, F. W. le Tall, John Thompson, A. G. E. Barnes, Walter Berry, Herbert Warren, Charles Gough, Rev. H. G. Rosedale, P.G.D., A. H. Bowen, H. Johnson, Rev. W. W. Covey Crump, and W. Hammond.

Also Bro. E. A. Pescott Day, of the Empire Lodge No. 2108; Visitor.

Letters of apology for non-attendance were reported from Bros. Thos. J. Westropp; Ed. Conder, L.R., P.M.; Wm. Watson, P.A.G.D.C., I.G.; Herbert Bradley, P.Dis.G.M., Madras, W.M.; W. H. Rylands, P.A.G.D.C., P.M.; Canon J. W. Horsley, P.G.Ch., P.M.; F. J. W. Crowe, P.A.G.D.C., P.M.; John T. Thorp, P.G.D., P.M.; Ed. Armitage, P.G.D., P.M.; and R. H. Baxter, P.Pr.G.W., East Lancs., J.W.

The W.M. made sympathetic reference to the death, on the 16th January last, of Bro. Gotthelf Greiner, Past Assistant Grand Director of Ceremonies, and a Past Master of the Lodge. Biographical Notes will be found in A.Q.C., xiv. (1901), p. 201.

Two Lodges and forty-eight Brethren were admitted to membership of the Correspondence Circle.

Bro. Dr. John Stokes read the following paper:—

THE SHEFFIELD MASONIC BENEFIT SOCIETY.

BY BRO. JOHN STOKES, M.A., M.D., P.M. 139, P.Pr.G.D. (W.Yorks.).

INTRODUCTION.

IN A.Q.C. xxix. (1916) there is a paper by Bro. Wonnacott giving an account of the earliest known Masonic Friendly Society, which was called "The Friendly Society of Free and Accepted Masons," founded in 1737. This became merged in the Lodge No. 163 which met at the Two Black Posts in Maiden Lane. The Friendly Society was formed 31st March, 1737, and the "Rules Articles and Orders" were adopted on the 18th May following. All traces of the Benefit Society had disappeared by 1753.

When commenting on the paper Bro. A. F. Calvert wrote (p. 216): "It is quite clear that, apart from the usual charitable side of Masonry, many of the Lodges in various parts of the country had special committees and clubs in the nature of Friendly Societies, and in support of this I would refer particularly to the Lodge of Industry No. 48 formed in Durham about 1725, the Royal Cumberland No. 41 formed in Bath about 1733, the Harmonic Lodge No. 261 formed in Liverpool in 1796, the Caledonian Lodge formed in Manchester in 1792, No. 204, and the Friendship Lodge No. 44 formed in Manchester in 1751."

On 10th April, 1799, the Grand Lodge approved of the establishment of a Masonic Benefit Society, and in the following year—April 9th, 1800—a further resolution was passed recommending to the Provincial Grand Masters "to give every aid and Assistance in their Power, within their respective Provinces, to promote the Object and Intentions of the Masonic Benefit Society."

In Leeds there was also a Masonic Charity in existence about the year 1818.

It is extremely probable that the original suggestions by Grand Lodge which led to the formation of Masonic Benevolent Societies, were inspired by the wish to strengthen the position of the Craft, in view of the critical attitude of the public which had culminated 12th July, 1798, by the passing of an Act of Parliament authorising the suppression of Secret Societies. In this Act the Society of Freemasons was expressly excepted, but it required all the skill and tact of the Acting Grand Master, the Earl of Moira, and other eminent Brethren, to secure this privilege. It appears, therefore, either that the formation of a Benefit Society was inspired by Grand Lodge, or if already projected that it was seized upon as a valuable means of showing to the world the proof of the claims made with regard to the benevolent character of the Institution. In the author's opinion the former of these suggestions is the more probable.

As will be seen from the Minutes of 9th January, 1805, reference is made to an "Old Benefit Society," but there are no records to show when this existed. It is perhaps reasonable to suppose that it would be formed about the year 1799-1800.

In the Masonic Magazine for 1881, vol. 8, pp. 353 and 481, Bro. J. Ramsden Riley gives some useful data compiled from a book of Rules and Regulations of the Benefit Society dated 1800. He prints a list of Yorkshire towns with the names of the Brethren forming the Committees in each. There are fifteen names in the Sheffield list, only three of which are repeated in the first Minute of August, 1806. Three at least were members of the Britannia Lodge, while James Woollen and other members of the Royal Brunswick Lodge, whose names appear in the 1800 list, did not join the Society until November, 1807. Thus it seems as if some difference of opinion had arisen between the members of the two Lodges—by no means an unusual occurrence at that period. At the next election following the influx of Royal Brunswick members, the Committee again became representative of the two Lodges.