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THE LIBRARY BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY PROVO, UTAH

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→❧ Ars ❧←

Quatuor Coronatorum

BEING THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE

QUATUOR CORONATI LODGE NO. 2076, LONDON.

[Illustration: Engraving labelled "FROM THE ISABELLA MISSAL." — three robed figures standing in an arched doorway. British Museum, ADD. MSS. 18,851. Circa, 1500 A.D.]

EDITED FOR THE COMMITTEE BY W. H. RYLANDS, P.A.G.D.C., SEC

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VOLUME XVI.

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H. Keble, Printer, Margate. 1903.

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THE LIBRARY BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY PROVO, UTAH

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

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BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. PAGE

Drummond, Josiah Haydon, by R. F. Gould ... ... ... 105

Bromwell, Henry P. H., by R. F. Gould ... .. ... 107

Lyon, David Murray, by R. F. Gould ... ... ... 110

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CHRONICLE.

List of Subscribers to the Speth Memorial Fund ... ... 205

Masonic Education Fund of South Africa ... ... ... 260

"Concise History of Freemasonry" ... ... ... 260

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LODGE PROCEEDINGS.

Wednesday, 21st January, 1903 ... ... ... 1

Friday, 6th March, 1903 ... ... ... 64

Friday, 1st May, 1903 ... ... ... 95

Wednesday, 24th June, 1903. St. John's Day in Harvest ... 162

Thursday, 25th, to Sunday, 28th June, 1903. Summer Outing, Lincoln ... 213

Friday, 2nd October, 1903 ... ... ... 192

Monday, 9th November, 1903. Festival of the Four Crowned Martyrs, Installation ... ... ... 220

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NOTES AND QUERIES.

Knights Templar ... ... ... ... 80

The Gateshead Charter ... .. ... 89

Templar Burial Service ... ... ... 89

Board, inlaid with Masonic Emblems ... ... ... 89

Sir Walter Besant Memorial ... ... ... 90

Royal Thames Lodge, No. 2966 ... ... ... 90

Whuppity Scoorie ... ... .. 90

The late Bro. Kupferschmidt ... ... ... 90

Lead Casting from Waikuku ... ... .. 91

The Kadosh Degree ... ... . ... 91

The Autobiography of William Simpson, R.I. ... ... ... 92

Dagger Jewel ... ... ... ... 157

Royal Templar Certificate, 1779 ... ... ... 158

Patent of a Russian Grand Lodge, 1815 ... .. 160

"Masonry Dissected," sixth edition ... ... ... 257

The Rebuilding of Jerusalem ... ... ... 257

Some Queries concerning the History of Calcutta Lodges ... ... 258

The Centenary Jewel of the Grand Stewards' Lodge .. ... 259

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OBITUARY.

Borg, Raphael ... ... ... ... 87

Bowser, Wilfred Arthur ... ... ... 88

Burne, Thomas ... ... ... 260

Changuion, François Daniel ... ... ... 87

Dutton, Arthur ... ... ... 87

Gate, Frederick William ... ... ... 87

George, George Stewart ... ... ... 88

Ingle, Thomas ... ... ... 87

Larkins, Charles ... ... ... 87

iv. Table of Contents.

OBITUARY.—Continued. PAGE

Lewenberg, Jacob Frank ... ... ... 87

Mackersy, Lindsay ... ... ... 87

Maguire, Edward ... ... ... 88

Mason, J. J. ... ... ... 88

Mears, Arthur ... ... ... 87

Peacock, Thomas Francis ... ... ... 87

Pinder, James ... ... ... 87

Rowland, W. H. ... ... ... 87

Sandford, Phillip G. ... ... ... 260

Staton, James W. ... ... ... 260

Stevenson, James Edgar ... ... ... 260

Turton, Isaiah .. ... ... ... 88

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PAPERS AND ESSAYS.

Some Notes on the Legends of Masonry. By W. H. Rylands, F.S.A. 4

Lodges of Speculative or "Accepted" Masons were in existence at the beginning of the XVII. Century; Connected in London with the trade guild of Masons, 4; Early Christian Churches were built by the Operative Masons in imitation of Solomon's Temple; Speculative Masons naturally symbolized the same building, 5; No reason to suppose that such symbolizing originated in XVIII. Century, 6; "Old Charges," attempt to fix date of first compilation; Some regulations could not have been made earlier than XII. or XIII. Century; Were certainly compiled for Operative Masons; Although in London they had probably passed into the hands of the "Accepted" Masons in early part of XVII. Century, 6; "Constitutions" of 1722; General increase in number of copies of "Old Charges" about 1600; "Halliwell" poem, 7; "Cooke" MS., 8; Objects of the "Old Charges"; Possibly written by the priests; Probably in answer to the "Writ for Returns" (1388), 9; Difficulties in way of this theory considered, 9; Discussion by W. J. Hughan, 10; J. W. Horsley, 11; E. Conder, jun., 13; F. J. W. Crowe, 15; Hugh James, 15.

Masonic Certificates of the Netherlands. By F. J. W. Crowe ... 17

Certificates issued by Grand Orient, 17; ditto, with Seals of daughter Lodges, 19; "Rose Croix" diplomas, 22; "Elect Master" Certificates, 24; "Upper Elect Master" Certificates, 25; Certificates for Belgium, 26; Certificates of Honorary Membership, 26.

The Degrees of Pure and Ancient Freemasonry. By R. F. Gould 28

I.—Proemial.

References to earlier papers on Degrees and Symbolism; Opinions of Hayter Lewis and Albert Pike on Masonic Symbolism, 28.

II.—Argument.

Degrees prior to 1717; No English Speculative Lodge Minutes exist earlier than that date; Although Dr. Plot refers to the spread of Speculative Masonry in 1686; Minutes of early Scottish Lodges refer to only one degree, 29; Steele's reference to "signs and tokens" in the "Tatler" (1709); Dr. Manningham on "Scots" degrees (1757), 30; Harleian MS. (1665); Sir Thomas Dugdale; Language of Signs among the Hebrews and Eleusinia; Secret forms of the Cabalists, Hermetical Philosophers and Rosicrucians, 31.

III.—1717-1738.

"Constitutions" of 1723 refer to two degrees only, although Anderson's contemporaries understood them to refer to three, 32; Differences in the rituals of "Ancients" and "'Moderns"; That of the former adopted by

Table of Contents. v.

PAPERS AND ESSAYS.—Continued. PAGE

United Grand Lodge in 1813; Theory of one degree originated in Germany, 33; MSS. destroyed in 1720 may have been early "operative" rituals; Dr. Stukeley initiated in 1721; Two degrees certainly worked in England prior to 1723; The terms "Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft and Master Mason" introduced by Anderson from Scotland, 34; Evidence to be obtained from Spurious Rituals; "A Mason's Confession"; "Sloane" MS. 35; "The Mason's Examination"; "Masonry Dissected," 36; "Gormogon" manifestoes; Minutes of "Philo-Musicæ et Architecturæ Societas," 37; Repeal of O.R. XIII.; Francis Drake at York (1726); "Masters'" Lodge at Swan and Rummer; Samuel Pritchard a visitor, 38; Unpopularity of Dr. Anderson; Hogarth's "Mystery of Masonry," 39; References to Spurious Rituals in Grand Lodge Minutes, 40; "Worthy Society of Honorary Free-Masons, 41; Pennell's Irish Constitutions (1730); Criticism of Dr. Crawley's Notes thereon, 42; Three degrees conferred in Paris (1733); References to degrees in By-laws of London Lodges (1732), 43; "Scotch Masons" Lodge and "Masters'" Lodges, 44; "Pass'd Masters" in Bath (1733); Degrees in Lincoln (1734); Pocket Companion, Dublin (1735), 45; Degrees in Scotland (1735); Degrees in Paris and Sweden (1737); Ramsay's Oration, 46; Translations of "Masonry Dissected," 47; "Constitutions" of 1738, 48; Dassigny's "Serious and Impartial Enquiry" (1744), mentions Royal Arch, 49.

IV.—1740-1813.

"Scald Miserable Masons" (1742), 49; French "Exposures," 50; "Highrodiam," "Domaskin or Forin," "Harodim"; Royal Order of Scotland and Swalwell Lodge, 51; Lodge of Kilwinnin, 52; Inwood's Address to the Duke of Atholl; Formation of the Grand Lodge of the "Ancients" (1751); Spratt's Irish Constitutions (1751); Manningham's letters, 53; Influence of Laurence Dermott on ritual of "Ancients," 54; Third degree mentioned in Irish regulations of 1730, but not in those of 1735, 55; Masonic schism in Scotland, 56; Third group of Spurious Rituals, 57; Laurence Dermott and William Preston, 58; "Ahiman Rezon" and "Illustrations of Freemasonry," 59; Early references to Royal Arch, 61; Knights Templar, 61; Mark, 62; Excellent and Super Excellent Masons, 62; Articles of Union (1813), 63.

A Curious old Illuminated MS. Roll. (The T. M. Woodhead Scroll.) By W. J. Hughan ... ... ... 65

Masonic symbolism, 65; Description of Scroll, 66. (See also pp. 132 and 254.)

Order of Masonic Merit. By W. J. Hughan ... 68

Jewel presented to St. John's Lodge, No. 252, Thornhill, to "encourage good work," 68.

Notes on Irish Freemasonry, No. VII. By W. J. Chetwode Crawley, LL.D. ... ... ... 69

Some Early Irish Certificates and their Story.

Few Irish Certificates in Existence bearing dates prior to 1800; Reasons for scarcity, 69; Irish Grand Lodge was the first to issue Certificates, though Private Lodges had issued them still earlier, 69; The first engraved Certificates were authorised by the Grand Lodge of the "Moderns" (1756); Importance of Certificates as a means of identification during the existence of the rival Grand Lodges, 70; United Grand Lodge (1813) adopted the distinguishing features of Irish and "Ancient" Certificates, 70.

vi. Table of Contents.

PAPERS AND ESSAYS.—Continued. PAGE

The Annexed Irish Craft Certificates.

(a) Certificate issued to Bro. Joshua, Lodge 398; Identification of this Lodge, 71; Eminent services rendered by Dr. Handcock and W. F. Graham during the "Ulster Schism," 71; (b) Blank form of Certificate for Lodge No. 71, engraved by James Forde, 71; (c) Blank form of Certificate for Lodge No. 27; Identification of these Lodges, 72.

The Sequence of Degrees.

Royal Arch and High Knight Templar degrees worked in Lodges under Craft warrants, 72.

The Royal Arch Degree at Youghal, 1743 and 1759.

Differences in the Royal Arch Degree under "Ancients" and "Moderns"; Alterations of ritual, by whom made, 73; "York-Masons," 73; Early references to Royal Arch, 73; Youghal Lodge Minutes, 74; Thomas Mathew's visit to Youghal, 74; The close connexion between Bristol and the Munster Ports accountable for similarity of Masonic work thereat, 75.

High Knights Templars, Dublin, 1774.

Working under "Early Grand Encampment" and "Mother Kilwinning," 76; Rivalry of the two bodies, as shewn in Dublin Journals (1774-1783), 76.

Appendix.

Notes on the Earliest references to the Masonic Knights Templars Degree. By Sir Charles A. Cameron, C.B., G.C.T. ... 79

Early references to K.T. Degree, 79; "Early Grand Encampment," 79; Minute Book of Kilwinning Lodge shews that the Lodge did not confer Craft degrees, 80.

Early Irish Certificates. Transcripts of the Certificates referred to in the foregoing paper, with notes by W. H. Rylands, F.S.A. ... 81

I. Grand Lodge Certificate (1813), 81; II. Lodge Certificate—engraved—(1797), 82; III. Blank form—printed—, 82; IV. Royal Arch Certificate (1811), 83; V. High Knight Templar Certificate (1811), 84.

William of Wykeham; Bishop of Winchester, Architect and Statesman. By E. Conder, jun., F.S.A. ... ... ... 94

Modern Critics on Wykeham as an Architect, Supervisor or Paymaster, 94; Existing MSS. referring to his career; Biographies, &c., 95; His parentage; His education, which must have included geometry, 96; Euclid, and the introduction of Geometry into England, 97; Lodge of Masons at Winchester, 97; Wykeham's introduction to Edward III.; His appointment as Supervisor of Works at Windsor and other places, 98; Holy Orders; Appointment as Bishop of Winchester, 99; His wealth, 100; Colleges at Oxford and Winchester, 100; A canon of proportion based upon the figure 7, 100; Cathedrals at Winchester and Gloucester, 101; Rules of proportion of Milan Cathedral followed in the Chapels at Oxford and Winchester, 101; The Vesica Piscis, 103; Wykeham one of the greatest exponents of the perpendicular style; His assistants; His death; His will, 103.

Philo Musicæ et Architecturæ Societas Apollini. A Review. By R. F. Gould ... ... ... 112

Description of Minute Book, 112; Non-Masons were "made" by the Society before being received as Members, 113; Founders of Society were all Members of Lodge at "Queen's Head," Hollis Street, 113; Other degrees conferred by the Society, 114; Members summoned to appear before Grand Lodge, 115; Visitors from regular Lodges, 115; Further communications from Grand Lodge ordered to "lye on the table," 116;

Table of Contents. vii.

PAPERS AND ESSAYS.—Continued. PAGE

Expulsion of Members, 116; End of Minutes, 117; Unpopularity of Dr. Anderson; Repeal of O.R. XIII., 118; Delusions with regard to three Degrees, 119; The fact that the Minutes were written at a date much later than the events recorded, detracts from their value as evidence of three degrees, 120.

A French Prisoners' Lodge. By F. J. W. Crowe ... ... 129

Transcript of Certificate granted by a Lodge at Odiham (1810), and notes thereon.

The Magic Scroll described by Bro. W. J. Hughan. (See pp. 65 and 254). Text and translation, with notes, by W. H. Rylands, F.S.A. ... ... ... 132

A Curious Carbonari Certificate. By F. J. W. Crowe ... 163

Description of Certificate, 163; References therein to "High Grades" of Freemasonry, 164; Certificate identified as forming frontispiece to "Constitution et Organization Des Carbonari" (1821), 164; Description of Carbonari emblems, 165; Ritual, 166; Statutes, 168; and Seal, 169; Criticism, 170.

Masonic Chivalry. Naval Freemasonry. By "St. Maur" ... 171

Resolutions passed in 1813 by Ancient Limerick Lodge, No. 271, 171; and by Rising Sun Lodge No. 952, 172; in favour of Capt. Marencourt, a prisoner of War, 172; Lodge No. 79, Plymouth, 173; French Prisoners' Lodge "Amis Réunis," 173.

The Haughfoot Lodge. By John Yarker ... ... 177

Minutes of the Lodge (1702-1763); Comparison with contemporary Lodges; Its meetings and Officers; Two degrees conferred by a "commission of five"; Charity, 177; Fines; Preses and Box Mas'er, 178; Removal to Galashiels; Changes introduced to conform with customs of operative Lodges, 179; Meetings at Selkirk, 180; Two degrees in Scotland compared with two degrees in England, 180.

A "Pompe Funebre" in Paris, in 1806. By John T. Thorp ... 181

Account of the ceremony held in memory of Colonel Louis Joseph Louvain de Pescheloche, by Lodge "St. Alexandre d'Ecosse et le Contrat Social Réunis," 181; Rite Ecossaise Philosophique, founded in 1776; Its Library, partially destroyed during the Revolution, ultimately presented to Grand Lodge of Scotland, 182.

Order of S. John of Jerusalem, England. Notes by W. H. Rylands, F.S.A., on documents, &c., in possession of Mr. Walter Nickels, of Birkenhead ... ... ... 189

Freemasonry in Gounod's Opera; "Irene, the Queen of Sheba." By John T. Thorp ... ... ... 193

Building legends probably introduced by Gerard de Nerval, who wrote the libretto, 193; Description of the Composition, 194; Remarks by F. J. W. Crowe, and W. H. Rylands, 200.

Ionic Lodge, No. 227, London. By W. John Songhurst. ... 201

"Atholl" Warrant of 1810, 201; Collar Jewels, engraved "Mechanical Lodge of Woolwich," 201; "Mercury" Jewels, 202.

viii. Table of Contents.

PAPERS AND ESSAYS.—Continued. PAGE

Knights Templars. By F. H. Goldney. ... ... ... 203

Notes on documents formerly in possession of Bro. Michael Burrough, of Salisbury (1798), 203.

Chichester Certificates, 18th Century. By John T. Thorp. ... 212

Description of Craft Certificate "Lodge of Harmony," dated 1791; and K. T. (Dunckerley) Certificate, dated 1794, both issued to Bro. William Dearling, 212.

Summer Outing, Lincoln. By W. John Songhurst. ... ... 213

Reception in "Witham" Lodge, 214; Roman Lincoln, 214; Ruins of the Bishops' Palace, 216; The Castle, 217; The Gild Hall, and Municipal Records, 217; Roman Altar to the Parcæ, 218; Stow and Coates, 218; Masonic Museum, 219; Revd. Prebendary Peters on the "Royal Arch," 219.

Installation Address. By Admiral Sir A. H. Markham, K.C.B. ... 222

Toast of "The Worshipful Master." By E. J. Castle, K.C. ... 226

The Chevalier D'Eon: J.·. W.·. of Lodge No. 376, Grand Lodge of England (Moderns). By W. J. Chetwode Crawley, LL.D. 229

His early life, 232; Chevalier Douglas and the secret mission to St. Petersburg, 233; Service in the field during the Seven Years War, 234; The Treaty of Peace negotiated by D'Eon as Minister Plenipotentiary, 234; Quarrels with the Count de Guerchy, 235; The Secret papers, and their ultimate surrender, 235; Assumption of female attire, 235; Wagers on question of sex, 236; Policies of Insurance thereon, 237; D'Eon as a Freemason, 238; MSS. in possession of J. Elliott Hodgkin, 239; The Lodge of Immortality, 239; Internal dissentions, 240; Appeal to Charles Dillon, D.G.M., 241; D'Eon under the protection of Earl Ferrers, 242; His literary work, 242; Action in Court of King's Bench, 243; Le Goux and de Morande, called as witnesses, 243; Their unsavoury reputation, 244; Jury decides that D'Eon is a woman, 244; Description of satirical prints, 246; Qualifications of candidates for Freemasonry as set forth in "Constitutions," 247; Lawrence Dermott in "Ahiman Rezon" (1778), 248; D'Eon on "Freemasonry and Quakerism," 248; Visits France (1777), 250; Returns to England (1785); His death in 1810, 250; Question of sex finally determined, an independent surgeon certifying that he was a man, 250.

The Magic Roll. By Dr. W. Wynn Westcott ... ... 254 (See also pp. 65 and 132).

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REVIEWS.

The Lodge of Research, Transactions, 1902-3 ... W. J. Hughan ... 85

The Book of the Fundamental Constitutions and Orders of the Philo Musicæ et Architecturæ Societas, by W. H. Rylands ... R. F. Gould .. 112

Irish Masonic Certificates ... F. J. W. Crowe ... 174

Humber Installed Masters' Lodge, Transactions 1835-1903 ... W. J. Hughan ... 175

Rosicruсian Books ... W. J. Hughan ... 176

Freimaurerische Denkmünzen und Medaillen ... W. J. Hughan ... 252

INDEX.

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	PAGE.		PAGE.
"Accepted" Masons connected with art of Building	4	Degree of Installed Master	62
Articles of Union, 1813	61	,, ,, Kadosh	91
Ancient and Modern Grand Lodges, Jealousy of Members	219	,, Origin of a third	28
Anderson, Unpopularity of Dr.	39, 118	Degrees between 1717 and 1738	31, 119
Apron, French, from engraved plate—Exhibit	193	,, ,, 1740 and 1813	49
Apron, Indian Needlework—Exhibit	222	,, conferred by a "Commission of Five"	177
Audit Report	1	Degrees conferred in a just and perfect Lodge	122
Besant, Memorial to Sir Walter	90	Degrees conferred in Grand Lodge	32, 48, 118
Board, (inlaid), in Masonic Museum, Brighton	89	Degrees conferred in Philo Musicæ, &c. Societas	114
Box Master	128	Degrees during "Epoch of Transition"	31
Briscoe, MS.	37, 123	Degrees, English and Irish identical until after 1738	55
Building Legends in "Irene, the Queen of Sheba"	193	Degrees in France (1733)	43
Canon of proportion in Building Construction	100	,, ,, Ireland (1723-1730)	42
Carbonari Certificate	163	,, ,, Haughfoot Lodge	177
,, Ritual	166	,, ,, Scotland (1735)	46
,, Statutes	168	,, ,, Swalwell Lodge	46
Catalogue of Rosicrucian Books	176	,, ,, Sweden (1737)	46
Certificate, Carbonari	163	,, Influence of Laurence Dermott on	55
,, Earliest known was issued by an American Lodge (1756)	69	Degrees, Introduction of tri-gradal system in Scotland	56
Certificate, Earliest Grand Lodge Certificate, issued in Ireland	69	Degrees, Re-arrangement of	33, 36, 48, 56, 60
Certificate of Lodge No. 71, Cork	82	,, worked under Craft Warrants	72, 80
,, ,, ,, Shamrock, No.27	82	"Domaskiu or Forin"	51
,, ,, French Prisoners' Lodge at Odiham	129	Early Grand Encampment	76, 79
Certificate of Lodge of Harmony, Chichester (1791)—Exhibit	192, 212	Education Fund of South Africa	260
Certificate of St. Jean des Arts, Or. d'Auch (1797)—Exhibit	162	Excellent and Super-excellent Masons, Early references to	62, 76
Certificate of Grand Lodge of Ireland (1813)	81	Firing Glass, Pilgrim Lodge—Exhibit	220
Certificate of Russian Grand Lodge (1815)	160	Freemason, Early use of the term	85
Certificate of Royal Arch, No. 751, Encyrale (Monaghan)	83	Freemasons, Worthy Society of Honorary	41
Certificate of High Knight Templar, Encyrale (Monaghan)	84	French Prisoners' Lodge	129, 173
Certificate of Royal Templar (1779)	158	Gateshead Charter	89, 177
,, ,, Holy Sepulchre Conclave, Chichester (1794)	192, 212	"Gormogons"	37
Certificates, Irish	69, 174	Grand Chapter, Formation of	61
,, of the Netherlands	17	Grand Khaibar, An ode to the	39
,, presented to Q.C. Lodge by Bro. Beamish	70, 81	"Grand Mystery of Freemasons discover'd"	37, 123
Chapters, St. Andrew's, Boston	61	Halliwell Poem	7, 15
,, Friendship, Portsmouth	62	Hammermen of Edinburgh, Charter granted to—Exhibit	93
Charter to Hammermen of Edinburgh—Exhibit	93	Harleian MS.	30
Churches modelled on Temple at Jerusalem	5	Harodim	51
Clothing, Masonic—Exhibit	64	Haughfoot Lodge	177
Coates, St. Edith's Church	219	High Knights Templar	76
"Commission of five" to confer degrees	177	"Highrodiam"	51
Constitutions of Philo Musicæ, &c. Societas	112	Honorary Freemasons, Worthy Society of	41
Cooke MS.	8	"Illustrations of Masonry"	59
"Defence of Masonry" (1730)	42	Ireland, Freemasonry in early XVIII. Century	71
		Initiating Device—Exhibit	221

x. Index.

	PAGE.		PAGE.
Jewel, Dagger	157	Lodge Royal Arch of Ireland	78
,, Deacon's "Mercury" Pattern	201	,, "Royal Thames," No. 2966	90
,, Engraved—Exhibit	64, 88	,, "St. Alexandre d'Ecosse"	181
,, Frankfurter Adler Lodge—Exhibit	162	,, St. Cuthbert, Kircudbright	51
Jewel, Grand Stewards' Lodge—Exhibit	222	,, "St. John," No. 252, Thornhill	68
Jewel, Ionic Lodge, London	201	,, Scotch Mason's Lodge	44, 52
,, "Mark" of 1724—Exhibit	221	,, Scott's Masons Lodge	44
,, Order of Masonic Merit	69	,, "Shamrock," No. 27, Cork	72, 82
,, Royal Alpha Lodge—Exhibit	162	,, "Witham," No. 297, Lincoln	214
,, Royal Arch—Exhibit	64	Lodges in Ireland, early XVIII. Century, Number of	7
,, Westminster and Keystone Lodge—Exhibit	221	Magic Scroll	65, 132, 254
Jug, Masonic—Exhibit	93	Manuscripts burnt in 1720	33
Kadosh Degree	91	Mark Degree, Early references to	62
Kilwinning Lodge, degrees worked in Ireland under its warrant	76, 80	Mason Word	56
Knights Templar, Burial Service	89	Masonic Chivalry	171
,, ,, Certificate (1794)	212	Masonic Merit, Order of	68
,, ,, Early References to	61, 79, 81	Masonic Token—Exhibit	64, 220
Knights Templar, High	76, 84	"Masonry Dissected"	39, 123
,, ,, at Salisbury (1791-8)	203	,, ,, Translations of	46
,, ,, working under warrant from Mother Kilwinning	76	"Mason's Catechism"	35
Kupferschmidt, Memorial to Bro.	90	"Mason's Confession,"	59
Lead Casting from Waikuku	91	Master Mason's Lodge	44
Legends, Masonic, The Temple of Solomon	4	"Masters'" Lodges	38
Library of Q.C. Lodge, removed to London	4	"Masters'" Degree a necessary qualification for Warden's Chair	45
Lincoln, Summer Outing	213	Maul, old Masonic—Exhibit	64
Lodge, "Amis Réunis"	173	Memorial to Sir Walter Besant	90
,, "Ancient Limerick," No. 271	171	,, to Bro. Kupferschmidt	90
,, at Ballickmoyler, No. 398	71	,, to Bro. G. W. Speth	205
,, ,, Bath, No. 101	51	"Mystery of Freemasonry"	40, 123
,, ,, "Fountain," in the Strand	115	Naval Freemasonry	171
,, ,, Haughfoot	173	Netherlands, Masonic Certificates of the	17
,, ,, "Horn" at Westminster	116	Obituary	87, 260
,, ,, Odiham	129	"Old Charges"	5, 30, 35, 123
,, ,, Plymonth, No. 79	172	Oliver, Chair of Dr.	218
,, "Queen's Head,"Holles St.	113	Order of Masonic Merit	68
,, ,, Salisbury, No. 97	51	Order of St. John of Jerusalem, England	189
,, ,, Swalwell	46, 51	"Pass'd Masters"	45
,, ,, "Swan and Rummer"	38	Patent of Russian Grand Lodge	160
,, ,, "Tom's Coffee House"	114	Persons alluded to:—
,, ,, Youghal, No. 19	74	Adams, H. C.	95
,, ,, Cork, No. 71, Cork	72, 82	Aethelhard of Bath	97
,, ,, French Prisoners'	129, 173	Aitken, Bro.	68
,, ,, Humber Installed Masters, No. 2494	175	Alexander I. of Russia	160
,, ,, in Dublin working K.T. degree	76	Allis, G.	214
,, ,, "Ionic," No. 227, London	201	Anderson, Dr. James	14, 32, 33, 41, 54
,, ,, Just and Perfect	122	Appleton, C. F.	162
,, ,, "Le Contrat Social"	181	Ashmole, Elias	16, 99
,, ,, "L'Apostolato" (Carbonari)	163	Atkinson, Dr. C. C.	64, 88
,, ,, "Kilwinning"	52, 76, 79	Atkinson, R.	91
,, ,, Masters' Lodge	38, 44	Aubrey, John	31
,, ,, "Mechanical Lodge of Woolwich"	201	Axon, William	95
,, ,, "Oakley," No. 694, Basingstoke	93	Aylward, Dr. Thomas	95
,, ,, of Edinburgh	10	Bacon, Francis	16
,, ,, Immortality, No. 396 (Moderns)	239	Bain, G. W.	69, 175
,, ,, of Research, No. 2429	85	Ball, Papillon	113, 125, 128
,, ,, Union, No. 38, Chichester	93	Barden, C. H.	27, 169
,, ,, "Old King's Arms"	46	Baring-Gould, Rev. S.	13
,, ,, "Phoenix," No.94, Sunderland	51	Barnett, Rev. Matthew	219
,, ,, "Rising Sun," No. 252, Limerick	171	Barron, E. Jackson	251
,, ,, Royal Arch Lodge, Philadelphia	61	Batson, T.	38
		Beamish, W. H.	71
		Beaumont and Fletcher	16
		Bedford, Edward	116
		Bendorp, J. C.	22
		Bentley, Bro.	45
		Bertie, Lord Vere	45

xi. Index.

Persons alluded to:— PAGE.

Besant, Sir Walter ... 90 Billson, F. W. ... 85 Blackerby, N. ... 38 Boeber, Jean Jacques ... 160 Bonaparte, Louis ... 17 Boswell, John ... 10 Boudewijne, Bro. ... 27 Bourbon-Conty, Louis ... 91 Bradbury, Thomas ... 113 Bransom, Thos. ... 212 Breed, E. A. T. ... 64, 89, 192, 221 Brennan, James ... 55 Bromwell, Henry P. H. ... 107 Brotherton, James ... 116 Brown, R. S. ... 257 Brysone, James ... 178 Bull, Thomas ... 212 Burge, John ... 51 Burrough, Michael ... 203 Byron, Lord ... 53 Cairncross, George ... 179 Cairncross, Hugh ... 180 Cairncross, William ... 178 Calder, John ... 69 Cambacérès, Prince ... 182 Cameron, Sir Charles ... 76, 79 Campbell, Capt. James ... 171, 172 Cardinaux, F. L. ... 240 Carpenter, Arthur ... 90 Carpenter, J. A. ... 64, 90, 162 Carson, E. T. ... 58 Casaubon, Isaac ... 16 Cesariano, Cesare ... 101 Chapman, J. M. ... 176 Charles XIII. of Sweden ... 158 Chaucer ... 104 Cheesman, W. M. ... 175 Chettle, John ... 115 Choate, Winfield S. ... 107 Choke, A. ... 38 Christie, Rev. J. E. ... 218 Clare, Martin ... 42, 45 Claperton, Adam ... 179 Clermont, Prince of ... 91 Cock, James ... 116 Cockerell, Professor C. R. ... 100 Codinus ... 5 Conder, E., jun. ... 6, 13, 89, 94 Cooper, William ... 212 Copeland, Thos. ... 250 Corville, Anthony ... 114 Cotton, Charles ... 113, 125, 126, 128 Crawley, Dr. W. J. Chetwode ... 42, 47, 52, 66, 69, 214 Crowe, F. J. W. ... 17, 69, 129, 163, 174, 176 Dassigny, Dr. ... 49, 52, 73 Davis, David ... 212 Davis, F. R. ... 93 Dearling, William ... 192, 212 de Chastellain, Chevalier Philippe ... 189 D'Eon, Chevalier ... 229 de Gebelin, Court ... 182 Delafaye, Charles ... 116 de Morande ... 243 de Nerval, Gerard ... 193, 200 de Pescheloche, Louis Joseph Louvain ... 181 Dermott, Laurence ... 54, 58, 60, 61, 69, 247 Derwentwater, Count ... 46, 164 Desaguliers, Dr. ... 37, 38, 40 Diehl, Christopher ... 106 Dillon, Charles ... 240 Dine, George ... 179 Dixon, W. ... 219

Persons alluded to:— PAGE.

Dobson, Austin ... 90 Dobson, George ... 180 Dobson, John ... 180 Donaldson, John ... 179 Denoughmore, Earl of ... 172 Dotchin, John A. ... 157 Douglas, Chevalier ... 233 Dowsall, Edward ... 115 Drake, Dr. Francis ... 38, 43, 119 Draper, Joshua ... 114 Drummond, Josiah Hayden ... 105 Dugdale, Sir Thomas ... 31 Dun, George ... 180 Dunckerley, Thos. ... 61, 62, 160, 212 Dunn, H. H. ... 220 Dupré, Jas. ... 240 Durandus ... 5, 12 Durantus ... 10 Du Rouvray, J. P. ... 240 Duval, J. Pierre ... 240 Edington, Bishop ... 98 Edward III. ... 98 Elisée, Père ... 250 Ellam, John ... 115 Eyre-Todd, George ... 92 Fendelow, Charles ... 157 Fergasson, James ... 6 Feron, Capt. Pierre ... 131 Ferrers, Earl ... 242 Firminger, Walter K. ... 259 Fisher, Thomas ... 114, 115, 116 Forde, James ... 71 Fountain, John ... 179 Frampton, George ... 90 Frazier, Simon ... 74 Frederick, Prince of Holland ... 24 Freeman, E. A. ... 101 Frier, James ... 178 Frier, Robert ... 179 Gage, John, F.R.S. ... 5 Gardner, F. Leigh ... 176 Garwood, Rev. O. A. ... 219 Geminiani, Francesco Xauerio ... 112, 125, 128 Giraudi, A. ... 240 Golby, F. W. ... 222 Goldney, F. H. ... 203 Gounod ... 193 Gould, R. F. ... 28, 105, 112, 164, 176, 180 Graham, W. F. ... 71 Greenleaf, Lawrence ... 108 Griffiths, W. H. ... 86 Grinsell, Thomas ... 60 Gryneaus, Symon ... 97 Guerchy, Count ... 234 Gulston, William ... 113, 121, 127 Gustavus III. ... 158 Handcock, Rev. R. ... 71 Harbin, Thomas ... 113 Hardine, Alexander ... 116 Harpsfield, Nicholas ... 95 Harris, Henry ... 205 Hawkins, A. Hope ... 90 Haydn, L. E. ... 90 Heete (Heath), Robert ... 95 Henderson, John ... 112 Herault, Lieut. (de Harraut) ... 46, 47 Hextall, W. B. ... 86 Hills, Gordon P. G. ... 162 Hodgkin, J. Elliot ... 237 Hogarth, William ... 39, 118 Holme, Randall ... 15 Hooke, John ... 115

xii. Index.

Persons alluded to:— PAGE.

Hoppringle, John ... 178 Horsley, Canon J. W. ... 10, 64, 67, 90 Howe, Henry ... 85 Hughan, W. J. ... 10, 45, 57, 65, 68, 76, 79, 85, 93, 112, 170, 175, 176 Hunter, George ... 180 Inchiquin, Earl of ... 38 Inwood, Rev. Jethro ... 53 James, Hugh ... 15 Jenkins, Edward ... 189 Jennings, Dickonson ... 221 John le Meminge ... 85 Joly, Lieut. Hildever ... 129 Jones, William ... 113, 121 Jonson, Ben ... 16 Journeau, Pierre Julian ... 131 Justinian ... 5, 12 Kendall, E. A. ... 228 Keys, Roger ... 104 King, James ... 38 King, C. A. ... 175 Kingsland, Lord ... 55 Kingston, Lord ... 38, 42, 55, 73 Kinsale, Lord ... 38 Knevit, Coort ... 113, 121, 127 Knowles, J. J. W. ... 85 Kupferschmidt, C. ... 90 Lamberton, J. M. ... 107 Lamyeon, J. J. ... 90 Lancaster, G. F. ... 85 Lane, John ... 44, 45, 176 Lapeyre, L. ... 240 Latouche, J. ... 115 Leach, Mr. ... 94 Le Goux ... 243 Lenoir, Chevalier Alex. ... 182 Leon, Jacob Jehudah ... 10 le Strange, Hamon ... 214 Lewis, Hayter ... 28 Lintot, Lambert de ... 160 Logan, W. ... 51, 177 Longe, John ... 95 Louth, Dr. Robert ... 95 Lowrie, Robert ... 178 Luetchford, G. H. ... 221 Lyon, David Murray ... 51, 68, 110 Macdonnell, Alexander ... 172 Manningham, Thos. ... 30, 32, 54 Marencourt, Capt. Louis ... 171, 172, 173 Markham, Sir A. H. ... 222, 226 Marshall, Thomas ... 113, 126, 127, 128 Martyn, Dr. Thomas ... 95 Mathew, Thomas ... 74 Membury, Simon ... 103 Meredith, Sir James Creed ... 71 Methven, Alex. ... 179 Meyer, C. E. ... 86 Minton, Bro. ... 218 Moberley, G. H. ... 95 Moore, Coningsly ... 112, 115 Moore, John ... 112, 116 Morgan, Bro. M. ... 202 Morrison, Dr. Charles ... 182 Murden, Joseph ... 116 Murray, David ... 178 Murray, James ... 114, 125, 128 Murray, William ... 179 Naish, Thomas ... 51 Neville-Rolfe, E. ... 164 Nickels, Walter ... 189 O'Connor, Martin ... 38 Ossory, Bishop of ... 71 Omodei ... 101 Officer, William ... 56

Persons alluded to:— PAGE.

Pagarin, Prince Gabriel ... 158 Papworth, Wyatt ... 94 Parolini, A. ... 172 Pasquales, Martinez ... 160 Paterson, Bro. ... 68 Pavitt, G. W. ... 221 Payne, George ... 32, 33, 34, 38, 115, 116 Peacock, James ... 179 Peck, M. C. ... 91, 175 Pennell, John ... 42, 119 Peters, Rev. Prebendary ... 219 Philostorgius ... 257 Photius ... 257 Pike, Albert ... 28, 89 Plot, Dr. ... 30, 177 Preston, William ... 53, 59 Prichard, Samuel ... 38, 41, 48, 57, 127 Pringle, James ... 178 Pringle, John ... 178 Ramsay, Chevalier ... 46, 52 Rawlinson, Dr. ... 44 Rayner, J. R. ... 219 Read, W. ... 38 Redfearn, T. B. ... 175 Reed, Thomas ... 116 Revis, John ... 115 Richard II. ... 9, 99 Richmond, Duke of ... 113, 116 Riley, J. Ramsden ... 86, 174 Robbins, Joseph ... 106 Roberts, A. ... 257 Roberts, Rev. C. E. ... 90 Roberts, J. ... 116 Robinson, John ... 86, 174 Rylands, W. Harry ... 4, 67, 70, 112, 115, 120, 121, 132, 157 Sadler, Henry ... 64, 93, 162, 174 Saint Edmé ... 164, 165 St. Martin, Marquis de ... 160 "St. Maur" ... 171 Sanderson, R. ... 177 Saunion, Henri ... 93 Schaw, William ... 124 Scheffer, Baron C. F. ... 46 Scott, John ... 178 Scures, Sir John ... 95 Shackles, G. L. ... 176 Shakspere, William ... 16 Shuttleworth, Thomas ... 113 Silberbaner, C. F. ... 64 Silvester, Sir John ... 157 Silvester, John James ... 157 Simcox, J. J. ... 90 Simpson, William ... 92 Sissons, W. Harling ... 175, 214 Smith, James ... 68 Smith, J. Corson ... 69 Smith, William ... 45 Smith, W. W. ... 216 Songhurst, W. J. ... 201, 213, 222 Sorrel, Francis ... 116 Sparre, Count A. E. Wrede ... 43 Spencer, Wm. ... 217 Speth, G. W. ... 79, 176, 205 Spratt, Edward ... 53, 69, 74 Squire, Edmund ... 113, 127 Stainer, North ... 115 Staines, L. ... 75 Stapylton, Brian ... 89 Stapylton, Miles ... 89, 177 Staveley, Thomas ... 5 Steele, Richard ... 30 Stewart, John ... 68 Strachan, J. ... 89

xiii. Index.

Persons alluded to:— PAGE.

Strathmore, Earl of ... 42 Stuart, Prince Charles Edward ... 160 Stukely, Dr. ... 34, 50, 117 Sundermania, Charles, Duke of ... 158 Swedenborg ... 158 Sydney, Sir Philip ... 16 Tait, James ... 95 Teodoro, Count ... 163 Théveneau (Thiévenot) ... 244 Thomson, Andrew ... 178 Thorp, J. T. ... 80, 85, 173, 174, 181, 192, 212, 257, 259 Thory, Claude Antoine ... 181, 188 Tiffany, W. H. ... 260 Todd, William ... 45 Torsonce, Laird of ... 179 Townsend, Rt. Hon. Judge ... 72 Trollop, Henry ... 89 Trollop, Robert ... 89 Urban V., Pope ... 99 Van der Groot, H. L. ... 27 Vickers, Benjamin ... 220 Vignole, Jean ... 240 Villa Buono, Count ... 163 Vitruvius ... 101 Vogeler, G. ... 221 Von Hunde, Baron ... 158 Von Marshall, Field Marshal ... 158 Walsh, Albert ... 4 Warren, Sir Chas. ... 223 Washington, George ... 86 Watkins, Bro. ... 218 Wayte, John ... 103, 104 Westcott, Dr. W. Wynn ... 67, 176 Westerly, Robert ... 104 Wharam, William ... 116 Wheeler, John ... 79 Whytehead, T. B. ... 176 Wiebe, Carl ... 252 Williams, Alexander ... 212 Williams, Col. J. G. ... 217 Wilson, Thomas Lea ... 259 Windle, Rev. W. H. ... 130 Winford, William ... 103, 104 Woodford, Rev. A. F. A. ... 224 Woodhead, T. M. ... 67, 132 Woodhouse, H. ... 176 Wray, Sir Cecil ... 45 Wright, Thomas ... 8 Wyatt, O. N. ... 93 Wyatt, O. ... 99 Wycliffe, John ... 99 Wykeham, John ... 96 Wykeham, Nicholas ... 96 Wykeham, Richard ... 96 Wykeham, William ... 94 Yarker, John ... 89, 181, 193, 212, 257, 259 Young, John ... 179

Philo Musicæ et Architecturæ Societas ... 37, 112 "Plain Dealer" 1721 ... 40 "Pocket Companion" 1734-5 ... 45 Pompe Funèbre ... 181 Preses ... 112, 118 Prints, Masonic—Exhibits ... 162, 220

	PAGE.		PAGE.
Report of Permanent and Audit Committee	1	Rite Ecossaise Philosophique	181
Rite of Perfection	51	Rituals, Spurious	35, 49, 58, 122
Roman Remains at Lincoln	215	"Rosicrucian Books"	176
Royal Arch, early references to	49, 61, 73	,, at Youghal	73
,, ,, Rev. Prebendary Peters and the	219	Royal Order of Scotland	51
Royal Templar Certificate, (1779)	158	Rummer, Masonic—Exhibit	65
Russian Grand Lodge, Patent, (1815)	160	St. Sophia, Church of	5, 12
"Scald Miserable Masons"	40	Schaw Statutes	124
Scotch Mason's Lodge	44	"Scots" Degrees	30, 49
Scottish operative terms adopted by Dr. Anderson, (1723)	34	Scroll, The T. M. Woodhead	65, 132, 254
"Secret History of the Freemasons"	37	"Serious and Impartial Enquiry"	49
Simpson, The Autobiography of William	92	Sloane MS.	35
Snuff Box—Exhibit	222	Solomon's Temple in Speculative Masonry	5
South Africa Masonic Education Fund	260	Speth Memorial Fund, List of Subscribers	205
Spurious Rituals	35, 49, 58, 122	Stow, St. Mary's Church	218
Summer Outing, Lincoln	213	Swalwell Lodge	46, 51
Symbolism, Antiquity of Masonic	65	"Tatler"	30
Templar Burial Service	89	Templar Certificate, Royal	158
Templar, High Knights	76	Temple of Solomon in Speculative Masonry	5
Tracing Board, Chichester—Exhibit	93	Transactions, Lodge of Research	85
,, Humber Installed Masters' Lodge	175	Tobacco Pouch, Fredk. the Great—Exhibit	221
Ulster Schism	71	Waikuku, Lead Casting from	91
"Whuppity Scoorie"	90	"Writ for Returns"	9
York-Masons	73

xiv. Index.

Illustrations.

	PAGE.		PAGE.
Board inlaid with Masonic Emblems in Masonic Museum, Brighton	89	Lincoln, Plan of Roman City	215
Coates, Views of	213	,, ,, ,, Bishop's Palace	216
Certificates:—		,, ,, ,, Castle	217
Lodge "De Eendracht," Rotterdam (MS.) 1786	17	,, Roman Altar, now in St. Swithin's Church	218
,, ,, ,, (Engraved) 1808	17	Monument to Bro. C. Kupferschmidt	90
,, of Harmony, Chichester, 1791	212	,, ,, G. W. Speth	205
,, "Ultrajectina," Utrecht, 1840	23	Panel of Inlaid Wood in Masonic Museum, Brighton	89
French Prisoners' Lodge at Odiham, 1810	129	Pompe Funèbre, Signatures and Seal	188
Elect Master, Amsterdam, 1819	24	Portraits:—
,, ,, Belgium, 1823	26	Castle, E. J.	Frontispiece
Upper Elect Master, Delft, 1823	24	Bromwell, Henry P. H.	107
"Willem Fredrik" Chapter, Amsterdam, 1813	26	D'Eon, Chevalier	229, 245, 246, 250
Rose Croix, Holland, 1832	23	Drummond, Josiah H.	105
St. John of Jerusalem, Malta, 1827	189	Le Strange, Hamon	92
Knights Templar (Dunckerley), 1798	212	Lyon, David Murray	110
de Chastelain, Signature of Chevalier Philippe	189	Proportions in Building Construction, Rules of	102
D'Eon, Chevalier	229, 245, 246, 250	Scroll, The Magic	132, 133
,, ,, Book Plate	251	,, ,, ,, Seals of	141, 156
Jewels and Medals:—		Seals:—
Dagger, in possession of Bro. John A. Dotchin	157	Carbonari	169
Grand Stewards' Lodge, Centenary Jewel	259	Lodge at Bingen	159
Order of Masonic Merit, St. John's Lodge, No. 252, Thornhill	68	,, "Bund der Wahrheit und Treue"	27
Oval Engraved Silver, in possession of Bro. Dr. Chetwynd Atkinson	88	,, "Carl zum Lindenburg"	173
St. John of Jerusalem	189	,, "Einigkeit," Frankfurt	92
Jug, in collection of Bro. J. T. Thorp	93	,, "Parfaite Union"	67
Kupferschmidt, Cesar. Monument in Highgate Cemetery	90	,, "Simplicité Constance"	171
Lead Plate from Waikuku, N.Z.	91	S. John of Jerusalem, Malta	189
Lincoln, Views of	213	Signatures on French Document	188
,, Plan of Portico of Roman building	214	,, Chevalier de Chastelain	189
		,, William of Wykeham	104
		Speth, Monument to Bro. G. W.	205
		Stow, Views of	213
		Summer Outing, Lincoln, Coates, Stow	213
		Waikuku, Cast Lead Plate from	91
		Woodhead Scroll	122, 128, 141, 156
		Wykeham, Signature of William of	104

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Contributors.

	PAGE.		PAGE.
Breed, E. A. T.	89	James, Hugh	15
Cameron, Sir Charles A., G.B., G.C.T.	79	Markham, Admiral Sir A. H., K.C.B.	222
Castle, E. J., K.C.	226	Peck, M. C.	91
Conder, E., jun., F.S.A.	13, 94	Roberts, A.	257
Crawley, W. J. Chetwode, LL.D.	69, 231	Rylands, W. H., F.S.A.	4, 90, 132, 157, 189, 200, 205
Crowe, F. J. W.	15, 17, 129, 163, 175	"St. Maur"	173
Firminger, Walter K.	258	Songhurst, W. John	201, 213
Goldney, F. H.	203	Thorp, John T.	80, 181, 193, 212, 257, 259
Gould, R. F.	28, 105, 112	Westcott, Wm. Wynn, M.D.	254
Horsley, Rev. Canon J. W.	11	Yarker, John	89, 181, 193, 212, 257, 259
Hughan, W. J.	10, 65, 68, 85, 132, 176, 252

ARS QUATUOR CORONATORUM.

Ars Quatuor Coronatorum,

BEING THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE

Quatuor Coronati Lodge of A.F. & A.M., London.

No. 2076.

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VOLUME XVI.

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WEDNESDAY, 21st JANUARY, 1903.

[Illustration: Decorative initial letter "T" with Masonic compass and square design]

HE Lodge met at Freemasons' Hall at 5 p.m. Present:—Bros. E. J. Castle, W.M.; G. Greiner, A.G.S.G.C. I.P.M.; Admiral A. H. Markham, P.Dis.G.M. Malta, S.W.; Rev. J. W. Horsley, J.W.; W. H. Rylands, P.A.G.D.C., Sec.; G. L. Shackles, S.D.; E. Armitage, D.G.D.C., J.D., as I.G.; and Past Masters W. M. Bywater, P.G.S.B., E. Macbean, S. T. Klein, and Sir C. Purdon Clarke.

Also the following 36 members of the Correspondence Circle:—Bros. F. A. Powell, P.G.S.B.; C. F. Silberbaner, F. W. Levander, F. W. Stötzer, M. H. Smith, J. A. Webb, J. W. Odell, F. Mella, A. S. Gedge, W. J. Songhurst, M. W. Blackden, Rev. A. G. Lennox Robertson, J. P. Richards, H. V. Elder, G. S. King, H. White, L. Danielsson, S. Meymott, H. Mercer, S. W. Furze-Morrish, S. Walsh Owen, W. Chambers, J. J. Hall, E. A. Braithwaite, O. Timme, R. S. Ellis, W. Busbridge, F. W. Mitchell, R. U. Ellis, Rev. C. E. L. Wright, J. R. Brough, E. Glaeser, G. Fullbrook, H. James, A. C. Mead, and H. Sannion.

Also the following visitors:—Bros. P. M. P. Percival, De Goede Hoop Lodge No. 12 (D.C.); W. A. Gunner, W.M. St. Martin's le Grand Lodge No. 1538; D. W. Castle, Perseverance Lodge No. 1165; D. F. de l'Hoote Ranking, Lodge Mary's Chapel No. 1 (S.C.); W. A. Colyer, Marcians Lodge No. 2648; A. M. Colyer, Strand Lodge No. 1987; H. H. White, St. Stephen's Lodge No. 2424; F. S. H. Wilson, Wentworth Lodge No. 1239; W. P. Broad, Pythagorean Lodge No. 79; J. T. H. Bailey, Urban Lodge No. 1196; and H. England, Lodge Macdonald No. 1216

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One Grand Lodge, four Lodges and forty-nine Brethren were admitted to the Membership of the Correspondence Circle.

Apologies for non-attendance were received from Bros:—W. J. Hughan, P.G.D.; J. P. Rylands, Dr. Chetwode Crawley, S.G.D., Ireland; E. Conder, jun.; F. H. Goldney, P.G.D.; T. B. Whytehead, P.G.S.B.; R. F. Gould, P.G.D.; F. J. W. Crowe, R. Hovenden, J. T. Thorp, and L. A. de Malczovich.

The Report of the Audit Committee, as follows, was taken as read, approved and adopted.

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PERMANENT AND AUDIT COMMITTEE.

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The Committee met at the Princes' Restaurant, Piccadilly, W., on Friday, the 9th of January, 1903, at 5.30 p.m.

Present:—Bros. G. Greiner, I.P.M., Rev. J. W. Horsley, F. H. Goldney, Sir C. Purdon Clarke, W. M. Bywater, W. H. Rylands, E. Armitage and S. T. Klein.

The Secretary produced his books and the Treasurer's accounts and vouchers, which had been examined by the Auditor and are certified correct.

The Committee agreed upon the following

REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1902.

Brethren,

In presenting the Annual Report to the Lodge, we once more congratulate you on the good work done during the last twelve months, and on the signs of continued prosperity which enable us to predict an equally successful year to come. No new members have been admitted during the year and our number thus remains at twenty-eight.

In the Correspondence Circle there are many deaths to be deplored. 287 new members have been admitted to our Association, the total being now 2,851.

2 Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge.

Reference was made in the report of last year as to the necessity of securing an increase in the number of members, and this must be repeated, as the Committee have decided to secure, if possible, a London Office. They have done this in answer to the request of many Brethren and the Committee confidently expect more than the ordinary assistance of the Members in carrying it through.

It will be noticed that the amount of dues outstanding has increased, but no item has been admitted of which payment is doubtful. It need not be pointed out that the Secretarial duties are very heavy, and that the necessity of writing a large number of applications for subscriptions is an extra labour that should not be required.

The Balance Sheet now submitted, although it shows a balance in hand, is not so satisfactory as it should be, and this is entirely to be attributable to the large number of members whose subscriptions are in arrear. There are no outstanding debts owing by the Lodge.

The assets comprised in the accounts given below do not include the stock of Transactions, the Antiquarian Reprints, vols. v. to ix., the facsimiles of various copies of the Old Constitutions: or the Library and Museum upon which more than £400 has already been expended.

For the Committee, GOTTHELF GREINER, I.P.M.

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BALANCE SHEET—30th November, 1902.

Liabilities. £ s. d. | Assets. £ s. d.

To Life Fund (104 members) £745 4 0 ,, Whymper Fund ... 105 15 1 ———— 850 19 1 ,, Lodge Account ... 36 12 10 ,, Payments in advance ... 74 10 1 ,, Correspondence Circle for 1902 balance in hand ... 260 0 3 ,, Outstanding Subscriptions, &c., as per contra ... 765 2 6 ,, Sundry Creditors ... 14 1 6 ,, Sundry Publications ... 47 10 7 ,, Profit and Loss ... 634 19 9

£2683 16 7

By Cash at London and County Banking Company, Bromley 322 13 2 ,, Ditto at Margate ... 8 11 10 ,, Ditto in hand ... 70 15 3 ———— 402 0 3 ,, £1300 Consols at cost price ... 1300 15 6 ,, Sundry Debtors for Subscriptions, &c., in arrear 1902 413 17 0 1901 204 10 6 1900 84 5 6 Back 62 9 6 ———— 765 2 6 ,, Sundry Debtors for Publications ... 43 3 6 ,, Sundry Publications ... 172 14 10

£2683 16 7

This Balance Sheet does not include the value of the Library and Museum, Stock of Transactions and Office Furniture, and is subject to the realization of Assets.

I have examined the above Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss with the books and vouchers of the Lodge and certify the same to be correct and in accordance therewith.

Alfred S. Gedge, Chartered Accountant, 3, Great James Street, 9th December, 1902. Bedford Row, W.C.

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PROFIT AND LOSS—For the year ending 30th November, 1902.

Dr. | Cr.

£ s. d. £ s. d. | £ s. d. £ s. d.

To Salaries ... 320 0 0 | By Balance brought forward from last year ... 459 10 2 ,, Rents ... 45 0 0 | ,, 1902 Correspondence Circle ... 500 0 0 ,, Gas and Firing ... 10 0 0 | ,, 1901 ditto ... 166 13 8 ,, Stationery ... 46 8 2 | ,, 1900 ditto ... 64 17 6 ,, Postages ... 204 4 9 | ,, Back ditto ... 10 10 0 ,, Library ... 50 5 2 | ,, Back Transactions ... 45 12 3 ,, Furniture ... 5 5 2 | ,, Sundry Publications ... 14 11 9 ,, Insurance ... 2 7 6 | ,, Interest on Consols ... 31 13 3 ,, Bad Debts ... 3 14 0 | ,, Discounts and Allowances ... 10 3 11 ,, Summer Outing ... 21 8 0 | ———— 844 2 4 ————668 12 9 | Balance carried to Balance Sheet 634 19 9 |

£1303 12 6 | £1303 12 6

Audit Report. 3

GENERAL CASH ACCOUNT—For the year ending 30th November, 1902.

Dr. | Cr.

£ s. d. | £ s. d.

To Cash Balance ... 440 4 6 |

LODGE ACCOUNT. | LODGE ACCOUNT.

To Subscriptions ... 31 9 11 | By Quarterages ... 5 17 0 | ,, Rent of Lodge Room ... 9 9 0 | ,, Tyler's Fees ... 7 8 6 | ,, P.M. Jewel ... 1 10 0 | ,, Funeral Wreath for the late Brother Kupferschmidt ... 1 2 6 | ———— 25 7 0

1902 TRANSACTIONS. | 1902 TRANSACTIONS.

To Subscriptions ... 1061 18 6 | By Vol. 15, Part I. and | ,, ,, II. ... 217 16 0 | ,, Authors' Copies ... 12 9 0 | ,, Summonses, etc. ... 30 19 0 | ,, Local Secretaries' Expenses ... 15 10 4 | ,, Sundry Expenses ... 25 3 11 | ———— 301 18 3

1901 AND BACK TRANSACTIONS. | 1901 AND BACK TRANSACTIONS.

To Sales and Arrears ... 266 16 6 | By St. John's Card ... 77 16 0 ,, Payments received in Advance ... 71 11 11 | ,, Part III., 1901 ... 108 9 8 ,, Medals ... 32 14 3 | ,, Authors' Reprints ... 5 14 6 ,, Binding and Cases ... 30 12 6 | ,, Audit Fees ... 10 10 0 ,, Reprints, Vol. IX. ... 10 10 0 | ———— 202 10 2 ,, Work on Medals ... 40 14 6 | ,, Payments in Advance Transferred ... 76 2 10 ,, Sundry Publications ... 22 5 0 | ,, Sundry ... 26 6 0 ,, Life Members Fees ... 69 16 6 | ,, Bindings and Cases ... 16 15 3 ,, Summer Outing Receipts ... 169 16 0 | ,, Reprints, IX. ... 1 11 6 ,, Interest on Consols ... 31 13 3 | ,, Work on Medals ... 42 9 5 ,, Discounts ... 10 3 11 | ,, Sundry Publications ... 78 3 4 | ,, Investment £300 Consols ... 282 8 6 | ,, Summer Outing Expenses ... 191 4 0 | ,, Library Purchases & Binding ... 10 5 2

OFFICE EXPENSES.

| By Salaries of Secretary and Clerks ... 320 0 0 | ,, Rent ... 40 0 0 | ,, Warehousing, Margate ... 5 0 0 | ,, Gas and Firing ... 10 0 0 | ,, Stationery ... 46 8 2 | ,, Postages ... 204 4 9 | ,, Fire Insurance ... 2 7 6 | ,, Furniture ... 5 5 2 | ———— 633 5 7

CASH BALANCES.

| By London & County Banking Co., Bromley ... 322 13 2 | ,, Ditto, Margate ... 8 11 10 | ,, Cash in hand ... 70 15 3 | ———— 402 0 3

£2290 7 3 | £2290 7 3

4 Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge.

It was moved, seconded and carried unanimously:—"That Brother Albert Walsh having for a series of years been exceptionally active in the interests of the Lodge as Local Secretary for South Africa Eastern Division, the Quatuor Coronati Lodge cannot accept his resignation of that office without placing on record its sense of the valuable service which he has rendered, and its sincere regret that he has felt it incumbent upon him to retire: and that this resolution be suitably engrossed and presented to him."

Several interesting exhibits were postponed until the next meeting, in order that they might be properly considered.

It was announced by the Secretary that the Committee were in treaty for London Offices, in which the Library would be placed, in order to make it available for use by the Members; and that notice would be given as soon as the matter was arranged.

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Bro. W. H. Rylands read the following paper:—

SOME NOTES ON THE LEGENDS OF MASONRY.

BY BRO. W. HARRY RYLANDS.

[Illustration: Decorative initial letter "I" with Masonic compass and geometric design]

T must be stated at the commencement that this paper is only an endeavour to give reasons which may explain some minor points referring to the Legends of Masonry. It is perfectly well known that no origin for some of our legends has been found, no date of the introduction of them is known, and no satisfactory reason has so far been offered, why the Temple of Solomon and its builders have been selected to play an important part in one division of our legendary history.

In a tentative examination like this, the last of these difficulties would naturally be considered first, and if it can be shown with ordinary probability why the Temple and its builders, or even the building of the Temple alone could naturally be selected by the Freemasons, it may become possible, by dint of careful examination, at some future time to solve the other problems.

When everything we know with regard to early speculative masonry is brought into a ring-fence, it is a small one perhaps, but then some things connected with it are clearly and undoubtedly settled beyond dispute or argument. The most important of these facts is that there existed in various parts of England at the beginning of the seventeenth century, and without doubt at an earlier period bodies of men formed into lodges, who carried on some kind of masonry which was certainly not for operative purposes, and that at one time they were called Accepted Masons, in order to distinguish them from the ordinary or operative masons: a term which survived until the later period when the title Free and Accepted Mason was arranged.

Whatever may have been the ceremonies or customs used by the early Speculative or Accepted Masons, it is clear that they were in some manner connected with the trade of masonry. Otherwise they might just as well have grown out of, or joined themselves to any other trade: and become Accepted Carpenters or Fishmongers: for this reason it is as certain as it can be without definite proof, that their ceremonies, emblems and other matters were more or less intimately connected in some form or other with the art of building.

Whether these Accepted Masons of the early time existed before the "Reformation" and were then associated with the trade guild of Masons, as they were in the early part of the seventeenth century with the Masons' Company of London: or were the natural outcome of the break-up of the guilds, is of little moment for the present enquiry. They were Accepted Masons, so called to distinguish them from the trade

Some Notes on the Legends of Masonry. 5

guild: and they were certainly so called in the seventeenth century, and one would think that such a definite title could only have been invented by the superior power of, or from their direct association with the operatives.

The Lodge is not the place to discuss questions relating to the Bible, but it is well known to have been the custom of Christians from the earliest time to find in the Old Testament types of Characters and events which occur in the New Testament. Some of these types will be found taking a prominent place in the Catholic ceremony of the Dedication or Consecration of Churches, and they are not forgotten in that of laying the first stone. Nay, "The Dedication of Churches had its beginning in the OLD Law, and was observed by the holy fathers in the NEW"¹

The idea appears to have been that a new Temple was being dedicated to the honour and glory of God. The shape also of the early basilicas bears a resemblance to the ground measurements of the Temple of Jerusalem. And about the arrangement one quotation may be given: "Then for the Models and Fashion of Churches it may generally be observed, that there were some Resemblance or respect had to the Form of the Jewish Temple; that is: The Quire in Cathedrals, and the Chancel in the Parish Churches, to be answerable to the Sanctum Sanctorum: then the Body of the Church, resembling the Sanctum, or the Sanctuary: and the Church-Yard answerable to the Atrium, or the Court, besides the Porches, not without their use and signification: and all this innocently enough, and without imputation of Judaism, as is very well maintained by the Judicious Mr. Hooker."²

If we turn to Durandus, who wrote in the thirteenth century (died A.D. 1296), the same implied connection is evident.

To me it seems entirely natural that the early Christian Churches should be imitations, more or less intended, of the Temple of Jerusalem. I fail to see how in the natural descent of ideas they could take any other form. The Church having once admitted this idea in its ceremonies, the Masons very naturally fell in with it.

It is not difficult to understand why Solomon's Temple was taken as a building to be imitated and, if possible, to be surpassed in beauty. In its time it was the wonder of the surrounding nations, and the tradition of this was handed down. To the Masons, if the imitation or even a connection of ideas was allowed by the Church, it was enough. It was to them a Temple built to the honour and glory of God, indeed the Temple of God, and the story of its building was one of the great Masonic records in the Bible. They never asked themselves for what particular worship it was prepared, but were satisfied, and it was their ambitition to raise new Temples which should surpass that built by King Solomon and his Master Builders.

When Justinian, on the completion of his great Church of St. Sophia at Constantinople, exclaimed, as reported by Codinus, "Glory to God who has counted me worthy to fulfil so great a work. I have surpassed thee, O Solomon," he clearly expressed this idea.

The Operative Masons then, as well as those for whom they worked, were exerting all their talents in raising buildings which should equal or surpass that built by Solomon. The Accepted Masons must have been as I have said Masons of some sort, and it almost follows as a matter of course that they would take from the same source some legend which might form a part of the building of a symbolical Temple of

¹ The Anglo-Saxon Ceremonial of the Dedication and Consecration of Churches, illustrated from a Pontifical in the Public Library at Rouen, by John Gage, F.R.S., Director. Archæologia, vol. xxv., p. 235, etc. ² The History of Churches in England. . . . By Thomas Staveley, Esq. Second edition, London, 1773.

6 Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge.

Living Stones. It must be a legend that could be made suitable to the requirements, and must include some of the persons whose names are handed down as having been connected with the building of the Temple of Jerusalem. This seems to be so natural an outcome of the system of ideas, that it is not necessary to look to the eighteenth century Masonic tinkers for anything more than perhaps a few embellishments by which it seems to me they have only succeeded in muddling up the stories. At what date the symbolical legends took their original form, and whence they were derived, may never be known with certainty, but I have not yet been able to persuade myself that they have no antiquity greater than the eighteenth century.

I have looked in vain for any mention in his writings, of the reason upon which the late Mr. James Fergusson based the final sentence of the remarks I quoted some years ago. It seems to me, however, that it is not far to seek. His remarks may again be repeated:

"There is perhaps no building of the ancient world which has excited so much attention since the time of its destruction, as the Temple which Solomon built at Jerusalem and its successor as built by Herod. . . . . Throughout the middle ages it influenced to a considerable degree the forms of Christian Churches, and its peculiarities were the watchwords and rallying points of all associations of builders."

Although the Operative Masons endeavoured to surpass in their buildings the beauty and splendour of the Temple of Jerusalem, it does not follow that they possessed in very early times any legendary history whatever: indeed it is impossible for them to have possessed the legendary history as it appears in the Old Charges. This is certain, because without the aid of superhuman power, which was only claimed in the case of Solomon himself, it is impossible to tell the actions of anyone, however distinguished, before he lived.

For the latest date at which the Old Charges could have been compiled, if we apply the usual rule, the last entry of an historical event would govern the date, and this would compel us to fix the date of composition in the reign of Athelstan or Edwin [of Northumbria], as claimed in the Old Charges themselves, which I think, even allowing for considerable alterations, would be an entirely impossible date. To turn to the Articles, some interesting information might be gleaned from an examination of the terms and statements they contain. For example, the period at which the difference was acknowledged between working by "task" or "journey," as well as the price paid for the day's work. Although dice were known to the Romans, and were introduced at a very early date into England, where they were extravagantly used, playing cards did not appear in Europe until the twelfth or thirteenth century, and the game of hazard, as is well known, is played with dice.

Many of these Articles or Rules afterwards formed an important portion of the Indentures of Apprenticeship.

A few points about these Old Charges are perfectly clear. In the first place they were composed both as regards the legendary history and the rules or articles for the Operative Masons. They cannot have been compiled for the Speculative Masons: at the same time, as I have often pointed out, we know from the records of the London Company, brought to light by Bro. Conder, that these documents were already in the middle of the seventeenth century admitted by the Operative Company of London to belong to the Accepted Masons. It may be surmised from this that the Old Charges had at this time and earlier, passed out of use by the Operative, and taken the place that has been claimed for them with the Accepted Masons.

Some Notes on the Legends of Masonry. 7

Such a legend and rules would of course be useless in the case of an Incorporation like the London Company. The Masons' Company of London was enfranchised October the 14th, 1481,¹ when "Constitutions were made and granted." It is much to be regretted that the book of Orders and Rules, made at this time, is no longer in the possession of the Company, as it would enable us to judge how far the Rules contained in the Old Charges were followed.

Some time during the 17th century, or a little earlier, certain "New Articles" were added, which bound these Old Charges more intimately to the Accepted Masons. It is very suggestive that when they were for the first time printed, a text was chosen which contained these New Articles and that this work is styled, in 1722, the "Old Constitutions Belonging to the Ancient and Honourable Society of Free and Accepted Masons."

The Old Charges are, as I have said, purely Operative in character, and it is impossible to believe that they were suddenly taken possession of by the Accepted Masons. These documents naturally descended to them: used at first certainly by the Operatives, and it may be at the same time by the Accepted or Speculative Masons, when discarded by the one they became the natural possession of the other. This change must have taken place before the year 1600, how much before it is impossible to say with any amount of certainty.

Some satisfactory explanation has yet to be found for the fact that it was about the year 1600, as I have often pointed out, the general increase of the rolls of Old Charges is found to have taken place. The question may be asked, what became of the old copies, of which only one or two now exist? The year 1600 may have been a time of dilapidations and renewals, but I very much doubt if this is the real explanation. Something might be said for the theory that what was at first handed down more or less by word of mouth, was at a later time gathered together, and the Mss. of it multiplied for more general use. The texts of the Rolls differ, many of these differences are simply the stupid errors of the scribe, and many are to be attributed to the ignorance of the copyist. Still, there are other and more important differences, and these may have had their origin in the "keeping" of different texts of the same story preserved in the Lodges of Cathedrals, or great centres of Masonry in England.

I use the word "keeping," with the meaning commonly understood in such cases. It does not mean the "possession" of the manuscript, but the possession, so to speak, or rather the control, of the text the manuscript contains. A text is just as valuable when it is preserved in the British Museum, as it would be if it were in any other place, because that institution had no hand in making the manuscript. The value of the "keeping" of a text is to be judged by the likelihood or possibility of alterations having been made in the text.

This question naturally leads to the consideration of the two earliest manuscripts we possess containing the "Old" Charges.

As has been before stated, the first of these the Halliwell Poem, cannot legitimately be called a copy of the Old Charges: it is true that it contains much of the contents of these documents, but I feel certain that it was never intended for the same purpose as the Rolls, of later date. The insertion here and there of many lines of matter having no connection whatever with the intention of the main text, shows that the "keeping" of the text was but indifferent: for I think it is a great mistake to suppose that because

¹ Conder's "Hole Craft and Fellowship of Masons," pp. 97, etc.

8 Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge.

the Rules of Conduct are found in this Ms. they therefore specially belong to the Masons. That such is not the fact is quite clear, for they are taken bodily out of another and better known work. They, with the other extraneous matter, were simply sandwiched into the Masonic text, after the custom of these compilations, in order to add to the length and importance of the book.

The Cooke Ms. must probably be placed almost in the same rank: it is a compilation in book form, and cannot be looked upon as a genuine copy of the Old Charges intended for use. Let it be quite understood that I do not for a moment wish to depreciate the value of these manuscripts in any way, as records of the masonic portion of the text they contain. They are of great value as proving that the Masons already in the fourteenth century possessed not only their legendary history, but that certain rules had already been arranged. They also prove that the compilers of these two manuscripts were in possession of very perfect copies of that Legendary history as well as of the Articles, and Points or Rules.

The Halliwell Poem is headed:—Hic incipiunt constitutiones artis gemetriae secundum Euelydem. The book was like other works of the period, an exercise of skill, and was I think composed by some monastic scribe in the north of England as an addition to the works on scientific subjects, some of which, dating from the tenth century, were printed by the late Thomas Wright, M.A., F.S.A., under the title, "Popular Treatises on Science written during the Middle Ages."¹

The Cooke Manuscript distinctly proves, I think, that at the time it was composed, other written copies of the Legendary History, etc., were extant, and then in the possession of the scribe.

It must be remembered that the date of the Halliwell Poem is somewhere about the end of the fourteenth century, whereas that of the Cooke Ms. is about the middle of the fifteenth. But it is necessary to go a step backwards and consider those masonic manuscripts, if any existed, which formed the basis of these compilations. There seems to me to be no reason whatever for supposing that this original, or these originals, were poetical. It seems to me also extremely unlikely, I may say impossible, that a conservative guild like that of the Masons would adopt anything in the form of popular poetry, as their history and Book of Constitutions; and of course for their history to have taken a place among the ordinary ballad poetry of the country is equally impossible.

In my opinion there is not the slightest connection between the legendary history of the Masons with the ballad poetry of this or any country. The fact that the Halliwell Poem is in verse proves nothing: it was as I have said simply one of the many exercises of skill with odds and ends from other works lifted into the text: the original, whether written or not, was nothing of the kind.

The Constitutions of the Art of Geometry, or "Old Charges," as they have been called, were not a common romance composed for the delectation of the general public, but evidently, as I have often pointed out, constructed with a purpose. Their use was confined to the Guild of Masons. The legend they contain, although composed from different books more or less well known, was not common property, otherwise it seems almost certain that a quotation or even a reference to it would occur in other books, but so far as I am aware nothing of the kind exists in any of the many works that have come down to us.

¹ Historical Society of Science, London, 1841.